Papillomavirus-Associated Cutaneous Neoplasia in Mammals

Abstract

For humans, strong evidence indicates that some mucosal papillomavirus (PV) types cause genital and oral neoplasia, and weaker evidence suggests that some cutaneous PVs may cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). For nonhuman species, strong evidence supports a causal role of PVs in the development of feline and equine sarcoids. Likewise, PVs are believed to cause cutaneous SCCs in rabbits, western barred bandicoots, and some rodents. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that PVs may influence the development of both feline and canine cutaneous SCCs. This review discusses the evidence that PVs cause human cutaneous SCCs and the proposed mechanisms for this action. It then reviews preneoplastic and neoplastic skin diseases that are associated with PV infection in nonhuman mammals.

Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus in a Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) With Viral Production in Cartilage

“…4,[10][11][12]47 Papillomaviruses are most notable for causing cutaneous papillomas or warts with hyperplasia of the statum spinosum and/or neoplasia of the cutaneous stratified epithelium. 26,32 The viruses are also capable of causing lesions in the alimentary tract and within oral mucosa in the case of bovine (Bos taurus) papillomavirus 4 4 and canine (Canis familiaris) …”

“…4,[10][11][12]47 Papillomaviruses are most notable for causing cutaneous papillomas or warts with hyperplasia of the statum spinosum and/or neoplasia of the cutaneous stratified epithelium. 26,32 The viruses are also capable of causing lesions in the alimentary tract and within oral mucosa in the case of bovine (Bos taurus) papillomavirus 4 4 and canine (Canis familiaris) oral papillomavirus, 9 respectively. There are also a few papillomaviruses capable of causing a fibropapilloma, which is characterized by both a cutaneous papilloma and an underlying fibroma of the connective tissue.…”

“…There are also a few papillomaviruses capable of causing a fibropapilloma, which is characterized by both a cutaneous papilloma and an underlying fibroma of the connective tissue. 9,26,32 Northern Fulmars, Fulmarus glacialis, are seabirds of the family Procellariidae and are surface feeders that spend the majority of their life at sea covering vast migratory ranges. They have been used as biomonitors of plastic, 2 halogenated organic compounds, 17,24 and heavy metal pollution, 17,24 but otherwise research on this species of seabird is limited.…”

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

“…Etiologic risk factors for SCCs include ultraviolet light, PV infection, bracken fern ingestion, and carcinogens in tobacco, coal tar, soot, arsenic, and smegma (Brown et al 2007). There has been a marked increase in the incidence of human SCC over the last 50 yr, with UV light representing the most important risk factor (Dal et al 2008), and PV infection as a possible cofactor (Munday and Kiupel 2010). To our knowledge SCC has not been previously reported in red deer.…”

“…No cytopathic evidence of PV infection and no PV antigen or DNA were detectable in our case. This does not, however, rule out the possibility that PVs can be involved in the induction of SCCs in red deer, because PV-induced neoplastic transformation is often associated with restricted and nonproductive infection that may not be detectable in all cases (Teifke et al 2003;Munday and Kiupel 2010;Knight et al 2011). Many well-differentiated SCCs display formation of concentric lamellae of keratin (keratin pearls).…”