Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A surgical perspective

Sakorafas, George H.; Giotakis, John; Stafyla, Vaia

doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2005.04.009

Cited by 121 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…PTMC is defined as a tumour measuring %1 cm in diameter and is considered the early stage of PTC. It has an indolent course and very favourable prognosis despite the presence of multifocality within the thyroid and the synchronous nodal loco-regional spread (Sakorafas et al 2005). The molecular mechanisms underlying PTC pathogenesis have been partially elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of oncogene-induced senescence in thyroid carcinogenesis

Vizioli

Possik

Tarantino

et al. 2011

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a growth arrest triggered by the enforced expression of cancer-promoting genes and acts as a barrier against malignant transformation in vivo. In this study, by a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we investigate the role of OIS in tumours originating from the thyroid epithelium. We found that expression of different thyroid tumour-associated oncogenes in primary human thyrocytes triggers senescence, as demonstrated by the presence of OIS hallmarks: changes in cell morphology, accumulation of SA-b-Gal and senescence-associated heterochromatic foci, and upregulation of transcription of the cyclindependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4a and p21 CIP1 . Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of a panel of thyroid tumours characterised by different aggressiveness showed that the expression of OIS markers such as p16 INK4a, p21 CIP1 and IGFBP7 is upregulated at early stages, and lost during thyroid tumour progression. Taken together, our results suggest a role of OIS in thyroid carcinogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of oncogene-induced senescence in thyroid carcinogenesis

Vizioli

Possik

Tarantino

et al. 2011

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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“…Prognostic factors in PTCs associated with poor outcomes are old age, large tumor size or distant metastasis (4). Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is defined as PTC that is less than 10 mm in diameter and is often multifocal (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of platelet indices in papillary thyroid carcinoma and microcarcinoma

Güvendi¹,

Kara²,

Binnetoğlu³

et al. 2018

J Turgut Ozal Med Cent

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Aim: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common primary thyroid malignancy. It is called papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) if the nodule is less than 10 mm in diameter. It has been shown that platelets may play an essential role during chronic inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the value of platelet indices including platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in PTC. Material and Methods: 26 patients (19 female, 7 male) with PTC diagnosis were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and PTC. All patients who were included in the study were examined for complete blood count parameters. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. Leukocyte count, neutrophil count and percentage, lymphocyte count and percentage, platelet count, plateletcrit, and MPV were not statistically different between groups. PDW were significantly higher in patients with PTC than in those with PTMC. Conclusion: Our results show that patients with PTC have higher PDW levels compared to patients with PTMC. Elevated PDW in PTC may be useful in diagnosis of the disease and for better understanding of its pathogenesis.

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“…Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, accounts for less than 1% of malignancies diagnosed, and is slowly progressing (1,2). Although survival is generally good, they cause more death than all endocrine organ cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonresectable tumors also have a poor prognosis. local invasion of thyroid capsule and the surrounding tissues increase mortality 10-fold as compared to intrathyroidal tumors (1). This study aimed to determine the significance of the staging systems (EORTC, De Groot, MACIS, and TNM) on the prognosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients who underwent surgery in our clinics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of staging systems for the determination of prognosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancer

Erol

Makay

İçöz

et al. 2013

UCD

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Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the significance of the staging systems (EORTC, De Groot, MACIS, and TNM) on the prognosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients who underwent surgery in our clinics. Material and Methods:This retrospective study included 181 patients who were operated between December 1995-December 2007, with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer. In order to obtain data related to cancer staging, a computer program for PDA was developed to facilitate parameter recording. Survival analysis was performed. The findings were compared to the predicted rates by the staging systems.Results: According to the De Groot staging system, stage 1 and stage 2 patients' results were compatible, but stage 3 and 4 patients' results were different (stage 3; 87% versus 66.6%, stage 4; 35% versus 100%, p=0.04). In the MACIS staging system, 20-year survival rates are determined and comparison should not be made due to insufficient follow-up period in this study. When compared to the EORTC staging system, stage 3 and stage 4 patients' results were determined different (stage 3; 51% versus 100%, stage 4; 33% versus 50%, p=0.02). The most consistent results in terms of prognosis was determined in comparison with the TNM staging system (stage 1; 100% versus 97.8%, stage 4; 45.3% versus 50%). Conclusion:Many classification systems are proposed for well-differentiated thyroid cancer, to predict the behavior of the tumor. In this study, we concluded that for determination of prognosis in well-differentiated thyroid cancer, the TNM staging system could best predict prognosis consistent with clinical findings.Key Words: Thyroid cancer, staging systems, prognosis INTRODUCTIONThyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, accounts for less than 1% of malignancies diagnosed, and is slowly progressing (1, 2). Although survival is generally good, they cause more death than all endocrine organ cancers. Six out of every 1 million people die due to thyroid cancer. Approximately 85% of thyroid cancers are papillary thyroid cancer. Despite high survival rates, local recurrence and metastases may occur in some patients and this may require a more aggressive surgical treatment. In order to predict tumor behavior many classifications are proposed for differentiated thyroid cancer. Tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) scoring system is a method used for comparing thyroid cancer cases for clinical and pathologic aspects within different centers and recommended by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (3, 4). The prognosis of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer can be predicted by TNM, De Groot, MACIS (metastasis, age, completeness of surgery, invasion of cancer, size) and the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classifications. After an initial preoperative evaluation, these patients should be re-evaluated postoperatively, taking into account the same criteria (5, 6). The three most important variables in all studies are patient age, presence/absence of local invasion and dis...

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Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A surgical perspective

Cited by 121 publications

References 115 publications

Evidence of oncogene-induced senescence in thyroid carcinogenesis

Evidence of oncogene-induced senescence in thyroid carcinogenesis

Comparison of platelet indices in papillary thyroid carcinoma and microcarcinoma

The importance of staging systems for the determination of prognosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancer

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