We describe 10 patients with villous tumors of the rectum. Seven tumors showed severe dysplasia but only one invasion of the muscularis propria of the bowel wall. AII patients underwent a sphincter-conserving operation. There was one local recurrence which was treated by further local excision. One patient died of other causes, but the remainders recovered. Villous tumors of the rectum, even those showing severe dysplasia, can be adequately treated by local excision because they are adenomas. However, anterior resection is indicated when the tumor is too large for local excision, is located in the upper rectum, or when invasive cancer cannot be ruled out.