Papillae and Related Wound Plugs of Plant Cells

Aist, James R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.14.090176.001045

Cited by 428 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Another response involves the production of "barrier zones" that may appear as an abnormal "growth ring" (TIPPETT and SHIGO 1980). A third well-d ocumented host reaction is the production of wall appositions or callosities (AIST 1976). The evidence of host response in the present fossil material is only suggestive.…”

Section: Comparison With D Ecay In Ex Tant Plants-mentioning

confidence: 76%

Wood Decay in Silicified Gymnosperms from Antarctica

Stubblefield¹,

Taylor²

1986

Botanical Gazette

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Section: Comparison With D Ecay In Ex Tant Plants-mentioning

confidence: 76%

Wood Decay in Silicified Gymnosperms from Antarctica

Stubblefield¹,

Taylor²

1986

Botanical Gazette

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“…Autofluorescence (Heath & Stumpf, 1986;Parry & Carver, 1986) indicates the presence of phenolic compounds which may be either different from lignins (Aist & Israel, 1986;Smart et al, 1986 a) or similar to lignins (Sherwood & Vance, 1976;Ride & Pearce, 1979;Edwards & Ayres, 1981). They also may contain silicon (Kunoh & Ishizaki, 1976;Zeyen, Carver & Ahlstrand, 1983;Stumpf & Heath, 1985;Ebrahim-Nesbat, Heitefuss & Rohringer, 1986, polysaccharides (Aist, 1976;Ebrahim-Nesbat et al, 1986), cutin, chitin, suberin, gums and pectin (Aist, 1976) and proteins, in particular peroxidases (Edwards, 1970;Delon, 1974;Ebrahim-Nesbat et al, 1986;Esquerre-Tugaye et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on interactions between Vitis vinifera L. and Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr.

Heintz

Blaich²

1990

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYHost-parasite interactions between the grapevine Vitis vinifera L. and the powdery mildew Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr, were studied by light microscopy and histochemistry, scanning and transmission EM. The lobed appressoria (10/^m diam) of the fungus adhered to the host cuticle because of their shape and the production of a soluble adhesive substance. Each formed a penetration peg (0-3 //m diam) which, after penetration into the epidermal cell, developed into a globular haustorium consisting of a nucleated central body with fingerlike lobes, embedded in a matrix. The surrounding extrahaustorial membrane was derived from the transformed plasmalemma of the host cell. As a defence mechanism the walls of the host cell and neighbouring cells were encrusted with silica and phenolic substances associated with cell wall bound peroxidase activity. Penetration may have been blocked by the formation of a papilla composed of different layers containing carbohydrates, silica and phenolic substances. Cells forming a thick papilla were not infected. In cells with old infections, callose deposits could be observed in walls and/or around the haustorial neck and papilla, and sometimes around the whole haustorium.

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“…In response, plants have evolved multiple layers of defense mechanisms to resist the pathogen attack (1). The first line of plant defense against fungi is penetration resistance that is achieved by localized cell wall appositions (CWAs), also called papillae, on an inner surface of cell walls at the site of fungal penetration (2). CWAs consist primarily of callose (β-1,3-glucan), lignin, cell wall proteins, and reactive oxygen species (2)(3)(4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first line of plant defense against fungi is penetration resistance that is achieved by localized cell wall appositions (CWAs), also called papillae, on an inner surface of cell walls at the site of fungal penetration (2). CWAs consist primarily of callose (β-1,3-glucan), lignin, cell wall proteins, and reactive oxygen species (2)(3)(4). The focal deposition of these elements in papillae appears to be an early and essential factor in plant penetration resistance (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myosins XI modulate host cellular responses and penetration resistance to fungal pathogens

Yang

Qin

Liu

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The rapid reorganization and polarization of actin filaments (AFs) toward the pathogen penetration site is one of the earliest cellular responses, yet the regulatory mechanism of AF dynamics is poorly understood. Using live-cell imaging in Arabidopsis, we show that polarization coupled with AF bundling involves precise spatiotemporal control at the site of attempted penetration by the nonadapted barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). We further show that the Bgh-triggered AF mobility and organelle aggregation are predominately driven by the myosin motor proteins. Inactivation of myosins by pharmacological inhibitors prevents bulk aggregation of organelles and blocks recruitment of lignin-like compounds to the penetration site and deposition of callose and defensive protein, PENETRATION 1 (PEN1) into the apoplastic papillae, resulting in attenuation of penetration resistance. Using gene knockout analysis, we demonstrate that highly expressed myosins XI, especially myosin XI-K, are the primary contributors to cell wall-mediated penetration resistance. Moreover, the quadruple myosin knockout mutant xi-1 xi-2 xi-i xi-k displays impaired trafficking pathway responsible for the accumulation of PEN1 at the cell periphery. Strikingly, this mutant shows not only increased penetration rate but also enhanced overall disease susceptibility to both adapted and nonadapted fungal pathogens. Our findings establish myosins XI as key regulators of plant antifungal immunity.actin cytoskeleton | plant immunity | endocytosis | vesicle | endocytic trafficking

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Papillae and Related Wound Plugs of Plant Cells

Cited by 428 publications

References 27 publications

Wood Decay in Silicified Gymnosperms from Antarctica

Wood Decay in Silicified Gymnosperms from Antarctica

Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on interactions between Vitis vinifera L. and Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr.

Myosins XI modulate host cellular responses and penetration resistance to fungal pathogens

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