Paper Chromatography of Antifungal Antibiotics

Ammann, Alfred; Gottlieb, David

doi:10.1128/am.3.3.181-186.1955

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Filipin is an antifungal polyene macrolide antibiotic characterized by a large lactone ring containing five conjugated double bonds [20] isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces filipinensis [21][22][23]. It is a naturally fluorescent compound that binds to cholesterol, but not to esterified sterols, and, therefore, is commonly used as a marker for labelling and quantifying free cholesterol in cells and tissues [24][25][26].…”

Section: The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipin as a Diagnostic Tool of Cholesterol Alterations in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders

et al. 2023

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Cholesterol is the most considerable member of a family of polycyclic compounds understood as sterols, and represents an amphipathic molecule, such as phospholipids, with the polar hydroxyl group located in position 3 and the rest of the molecule is completely hydrophobic. In cells, it is usually present as free, unesterified cholesterol, or as esterified cholesterol, in which the hydroxyl group binds to a carboxylic acid and thus generates an apolar molecule. Filipin is a naturally fluorescent antibiotic that exerts a primary antifungal effect with low antibacterial activity, interfering with the sterol stabilization of the phospholipid layers and favoring membrane leakage. This polyene macrolide antibiotic does not bind to esterified sterols, but only to non-esterified cholesterol, and it is commonly used as a marker to label and quantify free cholesterol in cells and tissues. Several lines of evidence have indicated that filipin staining could be a good diagnostic tool for the cholesterol alterations present in neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease and Huntington Disease) and lysosomal storage diseases (e.g., Niemann Pick type C Disease and GM1 gangliosidosis). Here, we have discussed the uses and applications of this fluorescent molecule in lipid storage diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, exploring not only the diagnostic strength of filipin staining, but also its limitations, which over the years have led to the development of new diagnostic tools to combine with filipin approach.

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Section: The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipin as a Diagnostic Tool of Cholesterol Alterations in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders

et al. 2023

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C ₃ S ₂ Ring Systems

1966

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds: A Series of Monographs

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Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces I. The isolation and screening of Streptomyces strains

Horváth¹,

Lovrekovich²,

Magyar³

1964

J of Basic Microbiology

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Up to now about 2500 antibiotics produced by Streptomyces have been described, and the greatest part of the clinically applicable substances has been selected from these. Though the probability to find a substance with chemical constitution radically different from those already known has become rather small, there still exists the possibility to isolate new substances which whilst chemically similar to those already described yet might possess favourable pharmaceutical properties. Investigations in this direction have begun in this Institute some years ago, and here an attempt will be made to report, consecutively, on these. I n this part the method of isolating the Streptomyces strains will be dealt with, further, their screening according to their capacity to produce an antibiotic substance will be described. MethodsT h e isolation of Streptomyces. The colonies of Streptonaycea were isolated from soil samples gathered in Hungary. From these samples sixfold, or thirtysixfold dilutions were made with distilled water and 0.1 ml portions of these suspensions were plated in nutrient media placed in Petri dishes. Composite potato-broth-glucose agar, or meat-extract-peptone agar media were used for this purpose. One group of the media contained no antibiotic, one group contained 2 pg of oxytetracyclin per ml, a third group contained 2 pg of oxytetracyclin and 100 U. of nystatin per ml. The plates were incubated a t 28 "C for two or three days, after the lapse of this time the first isolation of the Streptomycea was carried out. During this short incubation period Streptomyces colonies did not exceed 2 mm nevertheless they were easily discernible as different from bacterial growths. Owing to the filamentous structure of the Streptomyces colonies a slight, moat-like depression is formed around them; the colonies cohere when handled with the point of a needle. These tiny colonies were plated on potato-broth-glucose agar plates and incubated for seven to ten days a t 28 "C, and their growth was noted daily. About 60 to 90 per cent of these growths proved to be pure Streptomyces cultures, the rest was more or less contaminated but could be purified by further platings quite easily. Rarely a few plates were to be found which did not yield a Streptomyces culture. Thus from each soil sample 150 to 200 Streptomyces colonies could be isolated, and compared when their growth process was completed. The colour of the sporiferous aerial sporulating mycelia and the form of sporophores, the colour of the substrate mycelia, and the soluble-pigment yield was investigated. In the course of these investigations from 10 to 30 strains per soil sample were selected.Maintenance of i s o l a t e d s t r a i n s . The maintenance of isolated strains was assured by inoculation every second month to fresh potato-broth-glucose agar plates. Some strains of special interest were kept in lyophilized state. P r o d u c i n g experiments. The experiments were carried out on rotary-shakers (300 r.p.m., 2 cm. diam.) a t 28 "C, using the following media...

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Paper Chromatography of Antifungal Antibiotics

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipin as a Diagnostic Tool of Cholesterol Alterations in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders

The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipin as a Diagnostic Tool of Cholesterol Alterations in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders

C ₃ S ₂ Ring Systems

Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces I. The isolation and screening of Streptomyces strains

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Paper Chromatography of Antifungal Antibiotics

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipin as a Diagnostic Tool of Cholesterol Alterations in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders

The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipin as a Diagnostic Tool of Cholesterol Alterations in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders

C 3 S 2 Ring Systems

Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces I. The isolation and screening of Streptomyces strains

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