Paper-based laminates produced with kraft lignin-rich phenol–formaldehyde resoles meet requirements for outdoor usage

Ghorbani, Masoumeh; Mahendran, Arunjunai Raj; Herwijnen, Hendrikus W. G. van; Liebner, Falk; Konnerth, Johannes

doi:10.1007/s00107-017-1248-x

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, the technological features studied are mainly focused on mechanical strength and hydrolytic stability of the resulting boards. In contrast, impregnation resins are much less well characterized and despite their economic importance only few studies are found focusing on the technological profile important for paper impregnation 29–33 and surface coating 8,23,34–36 . The present article intends to fill this gap to some extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface optimization for improving the processing behavior of melamine formaldehyde impregnation resins

Seidl

Weiss

Zikulnig-Rusch

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Melamine‐formaldehyde resins are widely used for decorative paper impregnation. Resin properties relevant for impregnation are mainly determined already at the stage of resin synthesis by the applied reaction conditions. Thus, understanding the relationship between reaction conditions and technological properties is important. Response surface methodology based on orthogonal parameter level variations is the most suitable tool to identify and quantify factor effects and deduce causal correlation patterns. Here, two major process factors of MF resin synthesis were systematically varied using such a statistical experimental design. To arrive at resins having a broad range of technological properties, initial pH and M:F ratio were varied in a wide range (pH: 7.9–12.1; M:F ratio: 1:1.5–1:4.5). The impregnation behavior of the resins was modeled using viscosity, penetration rate and residual curing capacity as technological responses. Based on the response surface models, nonlinear and synergistic action of process factors was quantified and a suitable process window for preparing resins with favorable impregnation performance was defined. It was found that low M:F ratios (~1:2–1:2.5) and comparatively high starting pHs (~pH 11) yield impregnation resins with rapid impregnation behavior and good residual curing capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface optimization for improving the processing behavior of melamine formaldehyde impregnation resins

Seidl

Weiss

Zikulnig-Rusch

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Nevertheless, the affinity to water depends on the lignin type. Ghorbani et al ., for example, found that the bonding strength of LPF resins using kraft lignin performs better than lignosulphonates under rapid changes in moisture content. This is due to the comparably higher hydrophilicity of lignosulphonates which affiliates to its process‐related salt content …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic and moisture‐dependent behavior of lignin phenol formaldehyde resins

Solt

Herwijnen

Konnerth

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Bonding kinetics of thermosetting adhesives is influenced by a variety of factors such as temperature, humidity, and resin properties. A comparison of lignin‐based phenol formaldehyde (LPF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive in terms of reactivity and mechanical properties referring to testing conditions (temperature, moisture of specimen) were investigated. For this purpose, two resins were manufactured aiming for similar technological resin properties. The reactivity was evaluated by B‐time measurements at different temperatures and the development of bonding strength at three different conditions, testing immediately after hot pressing, after applying a cooling phase after hot pressing, or sample conditioning at standard climate. In addition, the moisture stability of the two fully cured resins was examined. The calculated reactivity index demonstrated that LPF requires more energy for curing than PF. Further results indicate that lignin as substituent for phenol in PF resin has a negative impact on its moisture resistance. Additionally, the known thermoplastic behavior of lignin could also be detected in the behavior of the cured resin. This behavior is relevant for the adhesive in use and necessitates a cooling phase before testing the bonding strength development of lignin‐based adhesive systems. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48011.

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“…Preparing lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins substituting 40 wt% of phenol by pine kraft lignin, found good results in plywood improving the water absorption, thickness swelling and mechanical properties like flexural strength, elastic modulus and relative impact energy. 36…”

Section: Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on lignin sources and uses

Gomes¹,

Souza²,

Brito³

et al. 2020

JABB

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The efficient use of renewable resources has become a driving force for the worldwide industry aiming to improve the competitiveness. Considering the available natural raw materials, the lignin present in the lignocellulosic biomass such as trees, is the unique natural polymer that presents aromatic rings in its constitution. In this way, this review details the structure of native lignin as well as the technical lignin, including information on the characteristics that this polymer must have for the most promissory applications as feedstock for bioproducts. Approximately 50 million tons of lignin are produced worldwide annually, of which 98% to 99% is incinerated to produce energy and steam in the pulp mills. Only a small fraction of the lignin, derived mainly from the sulfite pulp mill is recovered commercially in a biorefinery concept. There are many opportunities for producing high value-added products from technical lignin, mainly considering the pulp mills growing, and environmental restrictions using non-renewable raw materials. The currently trend have shown that technical lignin sources may also be used as feedstock for phenol derived products, technical carbons, fuels, and adhesives. On the other hand, there are some technological hurdles must be overcome to make these uses feasible.

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Paper-based laminates produced with kraft lignin-rich phenol–formaldehyde resoles meet requirements for outdoor usage

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Response surface optimization for improving the processing behavior of melamine formaldehyde impregnation resins

Response surface optimization for improving the processing behavior of melamine formaldehyde impregnation resins

Thermoplastic and moisture‐dependent behavior of lignin phenol formaldehyde resins

A review on lignin sources and uses

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