Paper-based biosensors based on multiple recognition modes for visual detection of microbially contaminated food

Paper-based sustainable biosensors

“…Moreover, the biosensing device maintained 70% of its activity after a storage period of 25 days at 4 °C. 86 Most recently, some innovative paper-based biosensors have been reported for renal surveillance in fingerprint blood, 87 visual detection of microbially contaminated food, 88 nucleic acid amplification-fee and label-free detection of micro-RNA, 89 controlling the pandemic situation ( e.g. , Covid-19), 90 etc.…”

“…178,179 Herein, paper-based biosensors are very effective for the efficient and visual detection of microorganisms for food safety and environmental hygiene owing to their simple, low-cost, high speed, and all-in-one device. 88 In a study, an inexpensive and dual-step pen-on-paper strategy was used to fabricate a fully drawn fluidic patterned electrochemical paper-based biosensor for the amperometric enzymatic determination of glucose, wherein glucose oxidase and potassium ferricyanide (as the mediator) were immobilized in the test area. The results exhibited the limit of quantification of 0.08 mmol L À1 , reproducibility of o12% for 6 different devices, and the assay time of 120 s. This device was applied for the determination of glucose in food samples with 94-106% recovery.…”

Application of biosensors in the detection of plant biomolecules

“…Based on the biological factors to be detected, researchers select appropriate recognition elements, which can be biological receptors such as antibodies, aptamers, and enzymes [1]. It is then integrated with sensors to convert biochemical signals into measurable light or electrical signals.…”

“…3) Nucleic acid-based biosensors: These biosensors use nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA as the recognition element. They are particularly useful in detecting genetic material and nucleic acid sequences [1]. 4) Whole-cell biosensors: In these biosensors, intact living cells are employed as the recognition element.…”

Exploring the potential of ternary nanocomposite in biosensor development

“…Biosensors have dramatically changed the field of diagnostics and pollution monitoring by allowing for the quick, sensitive, and selective detection of diverse biological analytes [1, 2]. Researchers have recently focused on employing ternary nanomaterials as a sustainable approach to improving biosensor performance [3, 4].…”