Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation

Małachowska, Edyta; Pawcenis, Dominika; Dańczak, Jacek; Paczkowska, Joanna; Przybysz, Piotr

doi:10.3390/polym13071029

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The drying of linseed oil is considered as polymerization of triglycerides via autoxidation, a process involving free radicals, followed by cross-linking polymerization. Polymerization competes with degradation processes such as scission reactions, decomposition of unstable crosslinks, and hydrolysis [35,36].…”

Section: Ph Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Media on Paper: Investigating the Effect of Linseed Oils on Pure Cellulosic Paper Supports. A Research Matter of Damage Assessment

et al. 2022

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Oil media on paper, such as oil paintings, sketches, prints, and books, occasionally present problems associated with the effect of oil medium on the paper support, raising a composite matter of condition assessment as it depends on several factors. The present work examines the effect of linseed oil on paper and, in particular, the changes caused by three types of linseed oil on the optical, morphological, mechanical, and chemical properties of pure cellulosic paper, employing mock-ups submitted to artificial ageing in controlled conditions of relative humidity and temperature in airtight vessels. The study involved colorimetry, opacity, tensile strength, pH measurements, SEM, FTIR, and VOC analysis with GC-MS. Processing of the results has so far indicated that thermal-humid ageing caused the gradual darkening of the oil-impregnated mock-ups, as well as alterations in opacity, intense fall of pH values, and severe reductions in tensile strength, while linseed oil processing during manufacture has a significant impact. FTIR spectra have indicated that chemical changes upon ageing are in accordance with those of optical and mechanical changes, while VOC emissions are mostly associated with the drying and degradation of the different types of linseed oil.

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Section: Ph Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Media on Paper: Investigating the Effect of Linseed Oils on Pure Cellulosic Paper Supports. A Research Matter of Damage Assessment

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, FT-IR spectroscopy was employed to examine the functional groups in MP (Figure b,c). While most functional groups in MP are similar to those in BP, a notable distinction is the presence of a peak near 1595 cm –1 associated with lignin in MP, which was absent in BP. , This indicates that the lignin content in MP may be higher than that in BP. After 7 days of UV aging, this lignin-related peak in MP disappeared, signifying a substantial degradation of lignin in MP.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbon Quantum Dots for Long-Term Protection against UV Degradation and Acidification in Paper-Based Relics

Zhang,

Zhao,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Paper-based cultural relics constitute a significant and invaluable part of human civilization and cultural heritage. However, they are highly vulnerable to environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) photodegradation and acidification degradation, posing substantial threats to their long-term preservation. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), known for their outstanding optical properties, high water solubility, and good safety, offer a promising solution for slowing down UV damage and acidification of paper-based relics during storage and transportation. Herein, we propose a feasible strategy for the simple preparation of CQDs with high dispersion stability, excellent UV absorption, room-temperature phosphorescence, and photostability for the safety protection of paper. Accelerated aging experiments were conducted using UV and dry-heat aging methods on both CQD-protected paper and unprotected paper, respectively, to evaluate the effectiveness of CQD protection. The results demonstrate a slowdown in both the oxidation and acid degradation processes of the protected paper under both UV-aging and dry-heat aging conditions. Notably, CQDs with complex luminescence patterns of both fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence also endue them as enhanced optical anticounterfeiting materials for multifunctional paper protection. This research provides a new direction for the protection of paper-based relics with emerging carbon nanomaterials.

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“…On the other hand, the spectra of oil-impregnated mock-ups showed moderate changes in specific bands of the spectrum upon ageing (Figure 16b-d for Montval mock-ups and Figure 17b-d for Kraft mock-ups). Stronger bands were observed due to the gradual intensity increase of the bands corresponding to carbonyl-containing species (such as aldehydes and ketones) and carboxyl acids (1600-1750 cm −1 ), which are associated both with paper and linseed oil oxidation [23][24][25][26][29][30][31][32]. A marked increase was also noted in bands that correspond to oxidation compounds, such as hydroperoxides and alcohols (3200-3600 cm −1 and 1100-1210 cm −1 ) and the formation of conjugated bonds (such as in 1624, 1633, 950, and 723 cm −1 ), a significant change that we attributed to the degradation of linseed oil, confirming colorimetric measurements (see Section 3.1); additionally, oxidative polymerization in the final stages of ageing, mainly expressed through additional C-C bonding (1099-1238 cm −1 ), is typically observed [25,26,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Media on Paper: Investigating the Effect of Linseed Oils on Lignocellulosic Paper Supports

et al. 2022

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Condition assessment of works of art created with oil media on paper could be a complex matter when presenting problems of damage due to the absorption of oil binders by the paper support, since they depend on several factors and occur in variable conditions. The present work refers to the results of an investigation on the effect of linseed oils on the color, opacity, morphology, tensile strength, and chemical properties of lignocellulosic papers, in comparison to that of pure cellulosic papers. Lignocellulosic papers are involved in research on new, yet significant, parameters that might influence the behavior of the oil-impregnated areas of the supports upon aging. The research was applied to mock-ups, made of two types of lignocellulosic paper impregnated with three types of linseed oil and subjected to accelaratated ageing in specific conditions of relative humidity and temperature in closed environment. The research involved colorimetry, opacity, tensile strength, pH measurements, SEM, FTIR, and VOC analysis with GC-MS. The results indicated that thermal-humid ageing caused the gradual darkening of the oil-impregnated mock-ups, alterations in opacity, and decrease of pH values, depending mainly on the formulation of linseed oil, as well as a reduction in tensile strength. FTIR analysis results indicated that the chemical changes that occur upon ageing supported the recorded optical and mechanical alterations, while VOC emissions are both associated with the paper type and the kinetics of degradation of the different types of linseed oil.

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Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Oil Media on Paper: Investigating the Effect of Linseed Oils on Pure Cellulosic Paper Supports. A Research Matter of Damage Assessment

Oil Media on Paper: Investigating the Effect of Linseed Oils on Pure Cellulosic Paper Supports. A Research Matter of Damage Assessment

Carbon Quantum Dots for Long-Term Protection against UV Degradation and Acidification in Paper-Based Relics

Oil Media on Paper: Investigating the Effect of Linseed Oils on Lignocellulosic Paper Supports

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