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Cellular compartmentalization, achieved through membrane‐based compartments, is a fundamental aspect of cell biology that contributes to the evolutionary success of cells. While organelles have traditionally been the focus of research, membrane‐less organelles (MLOs) are emerging as critical players, exhibiting distinct morphological features and unique molecular compositions. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MLOs and their involvement in various cellular processes across different organisms. In the context of cancer, dysregulation of MLO formation, influenced by altered lncRNA expression, impacts chromatin organization, oncogenic transcription, signaling pathways, and telomere lengthening. This review synthesizes the current understanding of lncRNA composition within MLOs, delineating their functions and exploring how their dysregulation contributes to human cancers. Environmental challenges in tumorigenesis, such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia, induce stress granules, promoting cancer cell survival and progression. Advancements in biochemical techniques, particularly single RNA imaging methods, offer valuable tools for studying RNA functions within live cells. However, detecting low‐abundance lncRNAs remains challenging due to their limited expression levels. The correlation between lncRNA expression and pathological conditions, particularly cancer, should be explored, emphasizing the importance of single‐cell studies for precise biomarker identification and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
Cellular compartmentalization, achieved through membrane‐based compartments, is a fundamental aspect of cell biology that contributes to the evolutionary success of cells. While organelles have traditionally been the focus of research, membrane‐less organelles (MLOs) are emerging as critical players, exhibiting distinct morphological features and unique molecular compositions. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MLOs and their involvement in various cellular processes across different organisms. In the context of cancer, dysregulation of MLO formation, influenced by altered lncRNA expression, impacts chromatin organization, oncogenic transcription, signaling pathways, and telomere lengthening. This review synthesizes the current understanding of lncRNA composition within MLOs, delineating their functions and exploring how their dysregulation contributes to human cancers. Environmental challenges in tumorigenesis, such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia, induce stress granules, promoting cancer cell survival and progression. Advancements in biochemical techniques, particularly single RNA imaging methods, offer valuable tools for studying RNA functions within live cells. However, detecting low‐abundance lncRNAs remains challenging due to their limited expression levels. The correlation between lncRNA expression and pathological conditions, particularly cancer, should be explored, emphasizing the importance of single‐cell studies for precise biomarker identification and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
Brustkrebs ist die häufigste Krebserkrankung bei Frauen. Häufig geht die Entstehung des Mammakarzinoms von Epithelzellen in der Brustdrüse aus. Ein Team von Forschenden der Universitäten Jena und Shenzhen sowie des Universitätsklinikums Jena hat diesen Prozess der Spezialisierung nun genauer unter die Lupe genommen und dabei einen molekularen Mechanismus entschlüsselt, der offenbar auch bei der Entstehung von Krebs eine wichtige Rolle spielt.
The dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, facilitating the adaptation to altered translational demands essential for various aspects of tumor progression. This review explores the intricate interplay between ribosome biogenesis and cancer development, highlighting dynamic regulation orchestrated by key oncogenic signaling pathways. Recent studies reveal the multifaceted roles of ribosomes, extending beyond protein factories to include regulatory functions in mRNA translation. Dysregulated ribosome biogenesis not only hampers precise control of global protein production and proliferation but also influences processes such as the maintenance of stem cell-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to cancer progression. Interference with ribosome biogenesis, notably through RNA Pol I inhibition, elicits a stress response marked by nucleolar integrity loss, and subsequent G1-cell cycle arrest or cell death. These findings suggest that cancer cells may rely on heightened RNA Pol I transcription, rendering ribosomal RNA synthesis a potential therapeutic vulnerability. The review further explores targeting ribosome biogenesis vulnerabilities as a promising strategy to disrupt global ribosome production, presenting therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment.
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