Pantothenic Acid. II. Its Concentration and Purification from Liver

Abstract

Nov., 1938 CONCENTRATION AND PURIFICATION OF PANTOTHENIC ACID FROM LIVER 2719 because of greater reduction 0;' unsaturation by the methyl group in the former than by the hydrogen in the latter. Similarly, large values for formates and small values for branched isomers have been observed in eight pairs of esters by Wenderl6 in a study of parachors previously determined or calculated from previously recorded surface tensions.Experimental.-Surface tensions were measured by Sugden'sa modification of the method of maximum bubble pressure, using m-~ylene'~ in the manometer and carefully purified benzene as a standard'? for calibration of the apparatus. To ensure equal hydrostatic pressures, a maximum stable bubble was left on the large capillary while bubble pressures were being measured from the small capillary. l 3 The manometer readings were taken with a cathetometer with an accuracy of 0.01 cm. Temperatures were controlled to *O0.O8O.After calibration of the bubbler using accepted (16) Simon Wender, Emory University thesis, 1935, unpublished. (17) S. Sugden, J . Chcm. Soc., 118, 1483 (1921). values of benzene (28.88 dynes/cm. at 20°),'* readings were taken to check the calibration of CCb and CeH6C1. The observed values of 26.77 and 33.25 (20') agree with accepted values (26.81 and 33.2). Summary 1. The surface tensions of 15 normal isomeric esters (CleH8202) have been measured at 25, 35, 50, and 65' by the method of maximum bubble pressure.2. The calculated parachors were found to decrease gradually from maxima of 695.3 and 699.1 at the ends of the series to a minimum of 689.3 near the center of the series.3. Molecular volumes calculated from densities taken at constant surface tension (27 dynes/ cm.) varied similarly to parachor.4. The parachors were found to increase, in general, with the temperature.

One Hundred Years of Vitamins—A Success Story of the Natural Sciences

“…Pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5 , 33; Figure 11) was identified in 1931 as a growth factor and isolated in 1938 from sheeps liver. [126] This factor prevents chicken dermatitis and was essential for the growth of rats. [127] Pantothenic acid is widely distributed in foods, thus pantothenic acid deficiency is rare.…”

Einhundert Jahre Vitamine – eine naturwissenschaftliche Erfolgsgeschichte

“…[126] Dieser Faktor verhindert Hühnerdermatitis und erwies sich als essentiell beim Wachstum von Ratten. [126] Dieser Faktor verhindert Hühnerdermatitis und erwies sich als essentiell beim Wachstum von Ratten.…”

“…Pantothensäure (Vitamin B 5 , 33; Abbildung 11) wurde 1931 als Wachstumsfaktor entdeckt und 1938 aus Schafleber isoliert. [126] Dieser Faktor verhindert Hühnerdermatitis und erwies sich als essentiell beim Wachstum von Ratten. [127] Da Pantothensäure in fast allen Nahrungsmitteln vorkommt, sind Mangelerscheinungen selten.…”

CHAPTER 1. Historical Context of Vitamin B

“…Bios I was identified as meso-inositol. Roger Williams found in 1933 the ubiquitous occurrence of bios IIa in the tissues of many organisms; he named it pantothenic acid and isolated it in 1938 (Williams et al 1938). Owing to the feature of 'universal biological occurrence', pantothenic acid was recognized as a vitamin (vitamin B 5 ) found earlier than pyridoxine (B 6 ).…”