Panton–Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus : a position statement from the International Society of Chemotherapy

Saeed, Kordo; Gould, Ian M.; Espositio, Silvano; Ahmad-Saeed, Nusreen; Ahmed, Salman; Alp, Emine; Bal, Abhijit M.; Bassetti, Matteo; Bonnet, É.; Chan, Mónica; Coombs, Geoffrey W.; Dancer, S.J.; David, Michael Z.; Simone, Giuseppe De; Dryden, Matthew; Guardabassi, Luca; Hanitsch, Leif G.; Hijazi, Karolin; Krüger, Renate; Lee, Andie; Leistner, Rasmus; Pagliano, Pasquale; Righi, Elda; Schneider‐Burrus, Sylke; Skov, Robert; Tattevin, Pierre; Wamel, Willem van; Vos, Margreet C.; Voß, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.11.002

Cited by 73 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…In general, localized SSTIs such as abscesses, furuncles and carbuncles are preferably treated surgically . If feasible, the entire lesion should be excised, because simple incision and drainage might be associated with an increased risk of recurrence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only few studies and recommendations with respect to antimicrobial treatment for PVL‐positive S. aureus . Small localized lesions (abscesses, furuncles) require antibiotic treatment only in exceptional cases (relevant immunosuppression, small children, clinical deterioration, as well as involvement of the face, hands or anogenital region) . For moderate SSTIs and/or large abscesses (> 5 cm) without systemic signs of infection, oral antibiotic therapy may be recommended.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As regards the choice of antibiotic agent, it is essential to observe the properties of the various drugs available in terms of their ability to penetrate into anaerobic/necrotic tissues as well as their effect on PVL production .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vancomycin has little or no effect in this regard, whereas sub‐inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin and other beta‐lactams actually enhance PVL production . However it remains unclear to what extent these findings play any role in vivo, thus, empirical use of beta‐lactam antibiotics with high bioavailability and adequate tissue penetration may still be recommended, at least for moderate infections . Due to their good tissue penetration, treatment with quinolone antibiotics (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin) may be considered if urgently indicated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice

Hischebeth

Altengarten

Exner

et al. 2020

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Background: Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL-positive Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains represent an increasing problem in Germany. Although there have been several outbreaks at day care centers and in urban communities in recent years, there are currently no diagnostic algorithms or treatment recommendations for these particular infections in Germany. Methods:We performed a literature search in the PubMed/MEDLINE database with the goal of developing an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of these infections. National and international recommendations were also considered.Results: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming protein produced by certain S. aureus strains. Both methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains may carry the lukS-lukF gene responsible for PVL production. The clinical presentation of infections caused by PVL-positive S. aureus ranges from isolated recurrent abscesses to extensive furunculosis. Despite adequate treatment of primary infections, approximately 40 % of patients develop recurrent disease. The choice of treatment regimen is guided by the clinical presentation of the infection. In addition, some scientific literature recommends bacteriological screening of patients and their contacts, followed by decolonization of affected individuals. Conclusions:The present article focuses on the pathogenesis and risk factors of recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL-positive S. aureus strains and proposes a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for optimal patient care.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice

Hischebeth

Altengarten

Exner

et al. 2020

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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“…Therefore, vaccines that generate neutralising anti-toxin antibodies against PVL 29 may protect human populations against this common tropical disease. They also raise the hypothesis that antibiotics which decrease toxin expression, and have been recommended in some PVL-associated infections, 30 may offer specific clinical benefit in treating pyomyositis. More generally, our study provides an example of how microbial GWAS can be used to elucidate the pathogenesis of bacterial infections and identify specific virulence genes associated with human disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panton-Valentine leucocidin is the key determinant of Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis in a bacterial genome-wide association study

Young

Earle

Soeng

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Pyomyositis is a severe bacterial infection of skeletal muscle, commonly affecting 35 children in tropical regions and predominantly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. To 36 understand the contribution of bacterial genomic factors to pyomyositis, we conducted a 37 genome-wide association study of S. aureus cultured from 101 children with pyomyositis and 38 417 children with asymptomatic nasal carriage attending the Angkor Hospital for Children in 39 Cambodia. We found a strong relationship between bacterial genetic variation and pyomyositis, 40 with estimated heritability 63.8% (95% CI 49.2-78.4%). The presence of the Panton-Valentine 41 leucocidin (PVL) locus increased the odds of pyomyositis 130-fold (p=10 -17.9 ). The signal of 42 association mapped both to the PVL-coding sequence and the sequence immediately upstream. 43 Together these regions explained >99.9% of heritability. Our results establish staphylococcal 44 pyomyositis, like tetanus and diphtheria, as critically dependent on expression of a single toxin 45 and demonstrate the potential for association studies to identify specific bacterial genes 46 promoting severe human disease. 47 48 49

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Whole-Genome Sequencing for Bacterial Virulence Assessment

Tagini

Pillonel

Greub

2021

Application and Integration of Omics-Powered Diagnostics in Clinical and Public Health Microbiology

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Panton–Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus : a position statement from the International Society of Chemotherapy

Cited by 73 publications

References 98 publications

Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice

Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice

Panton-Valentine leucocidin is the key determinant of Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis in a bacterial genome-wide association study

Whole-Genome Sequencing for Bacterial Virulence Assessment

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