Panton–Valentíne Leukocidin Genes in a Phage-like Particle Isolated from Mitomycin C-TreatedStaphylococcus aureusV8 (ATCC 49775)

Abstract

The staphylococcal Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes [lukS-PV-lukF-PV] existed in a hexagonal phage-like particle (phi PVL) isolated from mitomycin C-induced Staphylococcus aureus V8 (ATCC 49775). The genome packed in phi PVL was a linear double-stranded 40-kb DNA with single-stranded cohesive ends (cos). The [lukS-PV-lukS-PV], attP, and int (integrase gene) of phi PVL were all located very close to one another within a 4.0 kb-segment on the genome in the order given, and the segment is located at the center from the left and the right cos sites. In addition, the [lukS-PV-lukF-PV]-attP-int region contains 5 direct repeat sequences that show high similarity with the recombinase-binding sites of bacteriophages of S. aureus.

The Bicomponent Pore-Forming Leucocidins of Staphylococcus aureus

“…PVL is located on temperate phage Sa2 (SLT), while LukMF= is on phage Sa1 (Fig. 4 and Table 1) (110,(120)(121)(122). Both PVL and LukMF= are present in an extremely limited range of S. aureus lineages (95,123,124).…”

Bacterial Two-component and Hetero-heptameric Pore-forming Cytolytic Toxins: Structures, Pore-forming Mechanism, and Organization of the Genes

“…The PVL genes are found on the genomes of prophages, which we isolated. [25][26][27] (3) lukM/lukF-PV(P83): 71,72) The lukM and lukF-PV(P83) were identified in the strain P83 chromosome which was originally isolated from an infected bovine udder. The lukM and lukF-PV(P83) form pvl-like operon and are on the genome of prophage PV83-pro.…”

“…25) After sequencing of the flanking region of pvl, genes encoding a possible lytic enzyme and integrase, which are derived from the phage, were found upstream and downstream of pvl respectively. These findings show the presence of PVL carrying prophage and a horizontal transmission of the PVL gene cluster via the bacteriophage.…”

“…Recently, we discovered the presence of pvl on the genome of lysogenic bacteriophages, PVL. 25,26) We also demonstrated the phage conversion of S. aureus leading to the production of PVL by the discovery of a PVL-carrying temperate phage, SLT, from a clinical isolate of S. aureus. 27) In the third chapter of this article, we discuss genetic analyses of the Hlg, Luk, and PVL genes.…”

Identification of virulence genes carried by bacteriophages obtained from clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…The method of Kaneko et al [13] was used with some modifications. Briefly, after cultivating bacteria in heart infusion broth on a shaker at 37°C for 3 h, mitomycin C (MMC) was added at a final concentration of 1 μg/mL of the mid-exponential phase and cultivation was continued for 5 h. Bacteria were centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 15 min, and the supernatant was filtered twice through a 0.2-μm filter.…”