Panning for gold in a hot flowing stream

Abstract

Thin-gold films have been laid down on the inner surface of borosilicate capillaries using a variety of deposition techniques and the resultant film composition and morphology has been evaluated using energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, respectively. These films have been shown to couple very strongly with microwave irradiation to generate very high temperatures (>850 °C). These films have been demonstrated to be highly reactive catalytically in a number of mechanisticallydiverse chemical transformations. Wide selections of structurally-varied compounds have been made by hydrosilylation, benzannulation, and alkyne additions to imines.

A Single-Stage, Continuous High-Efficiency Extraction Device (HEED) for Flow Synthesis

“…We demonstrate that the device is capable of indefinite duration, high quality purification using a set of extractions with differing solvent pairs, and recovery into different phases. The device is ultimately designed to provide a purification module within our microwave-assisted, continuous flow organic synthesis (MACOS) system. ,− …”

A Flow Reactor with Inline Analytics: Design and Implementation

“…Although there has been a noticeable increase in research and development initiatives on the subject of flow synthesis, , uptake of this technology in chemical manufacturing will require overcoming a number of engineering hurdles. , We addressed one such hurdle in a recent paper, reporting on a unique, clog resistant, pressure creating device (PCD) as an alternative to proposed restrictor-based BPR devices . Although this device provided us with an opportunity to carry out reactions previously reported as difficult and/or safety risks, , online monitoring remained the missing link for the comprehensive success of our MACOS (microwave assisted continuous-flow organic synthesis) reactor technology. − Presently we will detail the implementation of reliable analytical tools for rapid, nondisruptive process monitoring and updating, laying the groundwork for automated optimization.…”

A Continuous-Flow Microwave Reactor for Conducting High-Temperature and High-Pressure Chemical Reactions

“…Consequently, in 2005 we developed microwave-assisted continuous flow for organic synthesis (MACOS), a capillary reactor technology that was found to be highly effective for a variety of reactions including cross-coupling, ring-closing metathesis, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, Wittig, aza-Michael addition, , and Heck reactions . Moreover, our metal-coated capillaries were found to perform excellently in various transition-metal-catalyzed reactions involving palladium, gold, , and copper . Using our first-generation reactor, we also successfully demonstrated the ability to scale out a variety of organic reactions, including those with high-energy compounds (e.g., preparation of azides by the Aube–Schmidt reaction), synthesis of sultams, and pericyclic reactions …”