Panicolytic-like effect of µ1-opioid receptor blockade in the inferior colliculus of prey threatened by Crotalus durissus terrificus pit vipers

Calvo, Fabrício; Almada, Rafael Carvalho; Anjos‐Garcia, Tayllon dos; Falconi‐Sobrinho, Luiz Luciano; Paschoalin-Maurin, Tatiana; Bazaglia-de-Sousa, Guilherme; Medeiros, Priscila; Silva, Juliana Almeida da; Lobão-Soares, Bruno; Coimbra, Norberto Cysne

doi:10.1177/0269881118822078

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…SE mice exposed to the predator displayed many signs of unconditioned fear-related defensive responses, as well as a significant amount of time spent sheltering at the opposite location of that occupied by the predator. These findings are in agreement with those of previous studies in which laboratory animals were exposed to a threatening stimulus such as a cat or wild snake [24][25][26][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Hence, the presence of a predator appears to be highly aversive and therefore elicits a strong emotional response (anxiety-and panic attack-related behaviour) in SE mice.…”

Section: Ee Exposure Increases Anxiety-related Behaviours and Decreas...supporting

confidence: 92%

Environmental Enrichment Facilitates Anxiety in Conflict-Based Tests but Inhibits Predator Threat-Induced Defensive Behaviour in Male Mice

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Environmental enrichment (EE) is a useful and sophisticated tool that improves rodents’ well-being by stimulating social behaviour and cognitive, motor, and sensory functions. Exposure to EE induces neuroplasticity in different brain areas, including the limbic system, which has been implicated in the control of anxiety and fear. However, the effects of EE on ethologically relevant naturalistic behaviours, such as those displayed by prey in the presence of predators, remain largely unexplored. Material and Methods: In the present study, we investigated anxiety- and panic attack-like behaviours in a predator (cat)-prey confrontation paradigm and compared them with those in classical assays, such as the elevated plus-maze (EPM), marble-burying, and open field tests (OFTs), using C57BL/6J male mice housed in enriched or standard environments for 6 weeks. Results: We observed that EE exposure caused enhancement of the levels of anxiety-like behaviours in the EPM and OFTs, increasing risk assessment (an anxiety-related response), and decreasing escape (a panic attack-like response) behaviours during exposure to the predator versus prey confrontation paradigm. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that enriched external environments can modify the processing of fear- and anxiety-related stimuli in dangerous situations, changing the decision-making defensive strategy.

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Section: Ee Exposure Increases Anxiety-related Behaviours and Decreas...supporting

confidence: 92%

Environmental Enrichment Facilitates Anxiety in Conflict-Based Tests but Inhibits Predator Threat-Induced Defensive Behaviour in Male Mice

et al. 2022

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“…However, once rats came within close proximity to the live snake, both males and females reacted with similar levels of escape behaviour to the proximal threat. The stereotypical sequence of responses of our Wistar rats exposed to Bothrops alternatus venomous pit vipers was similar to that reported previously for male rats confronted by other species of venomous snake (Calvo, Almada, et al, 2019; Calvo, Lobão‐Soares, et al, 2019; Coimbra, Calvo, et al, 2017; Mendes‐Gomes, Motta, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The following prey behaviours were quantified based on previously described analyses of responses of rats confronted by other species of snake (Calvo, Almada, et al, 2019; Coimbra, Calvo, et al, 2017): (I) risk assessment: comprised by flat back approach, defined as forward elongation of the body with frontward movement accomplished by slowly pulling the hind body (Figure 1a) and stretch attend posture, when the rat stretches to its full length with its forepaws, keeps its hind paws in the same place, and turns back to the anterior position (Figure 1b); (II) defensive attention (alertness): interruption of ongoing behaviours for up to 5 s, followed by an attentive posture, as well as behaviours characterised by small head movements, rearing, and smelling; (III) oriented escape: running or shifting the direction of running towards the burrow or the elevated platform for escape or climbing the side of the burrow; (IV) inhibitory avoidance (Figure 1c): involves behaviour that postpones the occurrence of a future aversive event (the rodent, after an oriented escape to the burrow, puts the head in the entrance of the burrow and displays defensive attention); (V) non‐oriented escape: running and/or jumping in a direction opposite that of the predator; (VI) defensive immobility (freezing): immobility for at least 6 s in a dorsiflexion defensive posture, followed by autonomic reactions, such as defecation, exophthalmia and/or micturition (Figure 1d); (VII) interactions between prey and predator: close contact, followed by sniffing, careful touching with the front paws and/or nose. In addition, we measured the time spent inside the burrow and time spent on, below or above the stairs (escape platforms) as safe places.…”

Section: Behavioural Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We utilised the rodent's innate fear of snakes to develop and validate a rodent‐versus‐snake confrontation paradigm test using Wistar rats as prey. Confrontation with a venomous snake in the polygonal arena for snake panic test elicits a mix of anxiety‐ and panic attack‐related behaviours in male rats (Calvo, Almada, et al, 2019; Calvo, Lobão‐Soares, et al, 2019; Coimbra, Mendes‐Gomes, et al, 2017), golden hamsters (Paschoalin‐Maurin et al, 2018), and mice (Almada et al, 2021; Coimbra, Calvo, et al, 2017; dos Anjos‐Garcia & Coimbra, 2019, 2020; Lobão‐Soares et al, 2008; Mendes‐Gomes, Paschoalin‐Maurin, et al, 2020). The test recruits similar cerebral and midbrain structures (Mendes‐Gomes, Motta, et al, 2020; Paschoalin‐Maurin et al, 2018) to those already reported to be related to the organisation of antipredatory behaviour (Blanchard et al, 2005; Canteras et al, 1997; Canteras & Goto, 1999) and panic‐like responses (Biagioni et al, 2013; Ullah et al, 2015, 2017; Wilent et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Panic‐like responses of female Wistar rats confronted by Bothrops alternatus pit vipers, or exposure to acute hypoxia: Effect of oestrous cycle

Sgobbi

Figueiredo

Frias

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Anxiety‐related diseases are more than twice as common in women than in men, and in women, symptoms may be exacerbated during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Despite this, most research into the underlying mechanisms, which drives drug development, have been carried out using male animals. In an effort to redress this imbalance, we compared responses of male and female Wistar rats during exposure to two unconditioned threatening stimuli that evoke panic‐related defensive behaviours: confrontation with a predator (Bothrops alternatus) and acute exposure to hypoxia (7% O2). Threatened by venomous snake, male and female rats initially displayed defensive attention, risk assessment, and cautious interaction with the snake, progressing to defensive immobility to overt escape. Both males and females displayed higher levels of risk assessment but less interaction with the predator. They also spent more time in the burrow, displaying inhibitory avoidance, and more time engaged in defensive attention, and non‐oriented escape behaviour. In females, anxiety‐like behaviour was most pronounced in the oestrous and proestrus phases whereas panic‐like behaviour was more pronounced during the dioestrus phase, particularly during late dioestrus. Acute hypoxia evoked panic‐like behaviour (undirected jumping) in both sexes, but in females, responsiveness in late dioestrus was significantly greater than at other stages of the cycle. The results reveal that females respond in a qualitatively similar manner to males during exposure to naturally occurring threatening stimuli, but the responses of females is oestrous cycle dependent with a significant exacerbation of panic‐like behaviour in the late dioestrus phase.

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“…These behavioral findings were previously reported by Leite-Panissi et al (26). The same reactions have been displayed by rats, Syrian hamsters, and mice exposed to either venomous (5,22,23,27) or constrictor snakes (23,28) in polygonal arenas. These snakes have been ethologically validated as experimental models of either panic attack (5,23) or post-traumatic stress disorder (29).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Functional activation of the periaqueductal gray matter during conditioned and unconditioned fear in guinea pigs confronted with the Boa constrictor constrictor snake

Paula

Vieira-Rasteli

Calvo

et al. 2022

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is an essential structure involved in the elaboration of defensive responses, such as when facing predators and conspecific aggressors. Using a prey vs predator paradigm, we aimed to evaluate the PAG activation pattern evoked by unconditioned and conditioned fear situations. Adult male guinea pigs were confronted either by a Boa constrictor constrictor wild snake or by the aversive experimental context. After the behavioral test, the rodents were euthanized and the brain prepared for immunohistochemistry for Fos protein identification in different PAG columns. Although Fos-proteinlabeled neurons were found in different PAG columns after both unconditioned and conditioned fear situations at the caudal level of the PAG, we found greater activation of the lateral column compared to the ventrolateral and dorsomedial columns after predator exposure. Moreover, the lateral column of the PAG showed higher Fos-labeled cells at the caudal level compared to the same area at the rostral level. The present results suggested that there are different activation patterns of PAG columns during unconditioned and conditioned fear in guinea pigs. It is possible to hypothesize that the recruitment of specific PAG columns depended on the nature of the threatening stimulus.

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Panicolytic-like effect of µ₁-opioid receptor blockade in the inferior colliculus of prey threatened by Crotalus durissus terrificus pit vipers

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Environmental Enrichment Facilitates Anxiety in Conflict-Based Tests but Inhibits Predator Threat-Induced Defensive Behaviour in Male Mice

Environmental Enrichment Facilitates Anxiety in Conflict-Based Tests but Inhibits Predator Threat-Induced Defensive Behaviour in Male Mice

Panic‐like responses of female Wistar rats confronted by Bothrops alternatus pit vipers, or exposure to acute hypoxia: Effect of oestrous cycle

Functional activation of the periaqueductal gray matter during conditioned and unconditioned fear in guinea pigs confronted with the Boa constrictor constrictor snake

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