Paneth Cell‐rich Flat Adenoma of the Rectum: Report of a Case

Rubio, Carlos A.; Kanter, Lena; Björk, Jan; Poppen, B; Bry, Lynn

doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb00208.x

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…4 Neoplasms containing Paneth cells are extremely rare 27 and are seen in a morphologically similar human condition called familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). 30 FAP is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germ line mutations at the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Because the APC protein normally interacts with catensins and tubulins (components of tight junctions and epithelial cytoskeleton), 36 disruption of cell adhesion and cell cycle regulation results in phospholipase-A 2 -and cyclooxygenase-2-mediated loss of cell-cell contact and inhibition of enterocyte apoptosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Metastatic Intestinal Adenocarcinoma with Differentiation into Multiple Morphologic Cell Types in a Virginia Opossum

Prater¹,

Duncan²,

Gaydos³

1999

Vet Pathol

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Abstract.A captively maintained mature male opossum (Didelphis virginiana) utilized in a research protocol was presented with clinical signs of chronic diarrhea and severe muscle wasting. At necropsy, there was multifocal mural gastric, intestinal, and urinary bladder thickening, concurrent bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis, and extensive fibrous abdominal adhesions. Histologic evaluation revealed intestinal adenocarcinoma with coelomic metastasis to the stomach and urinary bladder. The adenocarcinoma was evaluated using histochemistry and electron microscopy. Paneth, enteroendocrine, and goblet cell differentiation was documented in primary and metastatic sites. This unique presentation of intestinal adenocarcinoma has not previously been reported in the opossum or any other animals. Intestinal neoplasia with Paneth cell differentiation is extremely rare and has been reported in humans with familial adenomatous polyposis.Key words: Adenocarcinoma; enteroendocrine cell; goblet cell; histochemistry; immunohistochemistry; intestine; neoplasia; opossums; Paneth cell; transmission electron microscopy.Recently, various species of opossums have become important laboratory animal models of human disease in immunology and endocrinology research. 8,32 Because maintenance of captive-bred colonies is difficult, most opossums of the genus Didelphis used in research are captured from the wild and are entered into research projects with unknown age and medical history. 32 Consequently, unquantifiable variability is inherent in disease modeling systems in opossums. Demographic information on opossum infectious and neoplastic diseases is sparse, and more knowledge of common or unique marsupial diseases is imperative for proper evaluation of marsupials utilized in medical research. Here, we describe a case of metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma with differentiation into multiple cell types in a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and compare these observations with those reported for domestic animals and humans.A captive, mature, approximately 2-year-old male Virginia opossum presented with poor body condition and a history of chronic diarrhea and loss of muscle mass. No obvious abnormalities were detected on the clinical biochemical profile. Congestive heart failure was suspected because it had been documented in five other opossums from the same captive colony. Euthanasia was performed following poor response to supportive care and marked debility.Postmortem examination revealed multiple areas of mural thickening throughout the stomach, small and large intestine, ureters, and urinary bladder. There was also bilateral hydronephrosis with multifocal subcapsular hemorrhage, diffuse enlargement of the liver, marked pulmonary atelectasis, and numerous fibrous peritoneal adhesions. No gross cardiac abnormalities were observed.Histologic evaluation of duodenum revealed transmural infiltration of a pleomorphic population of cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells arranged in small nests with occasional glandular profiles, an...

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Metastatic Intestinal Adenocarcinoma with Differentiation into Multiple Morphologic Cell Types in a Virginia Opossum

Prater¹,

Duncan²,

Gaydos³

1999

Vet Pathol

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“…Paneth cells appear in the large intestine under various pathological conditions (Gibbs, ; Shamsuddin and Hogan, ; Rubio et al, ; Nevalainen et al, ; Tanaka et al, ; Jo et al, ; Joo et al, ; Pai et al, ), but are highly rare under physiological conditions (Paterson and Watson, ). In the present study, Paneth cells were more abundant in the FAIC than in the ordinary intestinal crypts of the normal mucosa in the rat ascending colon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the human large intestine, on the other hand, intestinal crypts with Paneth cells are very rare under physiological conditions (Paterson and Watson, ). However, Paneth cells appear in the large intestine under various pathological conditions, including adenoma (Gibbs, ; Shamsuddin and Hogan, ; Rubio et al, ; Nevalainen et al, ; Joo et al, ; Pai et al, ), Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (Tanaka et al, ; Jo et al, ). We observed Paneth cell‐like cells (PLCs) in the bases of follicle associated intestinal crypts (FAIC) of the large aggregated lymphatic nodules in the rat ascending colon under physiological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and Histochemical Study on the Paneth Cells in the Rat Ascending Colon

Mantani

Nishida

Yuasa

et al. 2014

The Anatomical Record

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Paneth cells (PCs) contribute to the host defense against indigenous bacteria in the small intestine. We found Paneth cell-like cells (PLCs) in the rat ascending colon, but the nature of PLCs is never clarified. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the cytological characteristics of PLCs and discuss their cellular differentiation. PLCs were localized in the bases of intestinal crypts, especially follicle-associated intestinal crypts in proximal colonic lymphoid tissue, but were very seldom found in the ordinary intestinal crypts of the ascending colon. PLCs possessed specific granules with highly electron-dense cores and haloes, as well as PCs in the small intestine. The secretory granules of PLCs were positive for PAS reaction, lysozyme and soluble phospholipase A2, but negative for Alcian blue staining, b-defensin-1 and -2, as well as the ones of PCs. Furthermore, intermediate cells possessing both the PLC-specific granules and the mucus granules similar to those of goblet cells (GCs) were occasionally found in the vicinity of PLCs. Intermediate cells ranged from goblet cell-like cells rich in mucus granules to PLClike cells with few mucus granules. The cellular condensation and fragmentation were exclusively found in PLCs but never seen in intermediate cells or GCs. The PLCs, which were identified as PC, were suggested to be transformed from GCs through intermediate cells and finally to die by apoptosis in intestinal crypts of proximal colonic lymphoid tissue in the rat ascending colon.

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“…These findings indicate a misdirected cellular differentiation of Paneth cells, which seems to be more prominent in Paneth cell-rich adenomas than in complete intestinal metaplasia. Although both conditions are considered as preneoplastic hyperproliferative lesions, it is surprising that tumors derived from Paneth cells are not frequent and that the entity of Paneth cell-carcinoma has not been established yet (Endoh et al, 1999;Heitz and Wegmann, 1980;Nevalainen et al, 1998;Rubio et al, 1996). However, it should be taken into consideration that Paneth cell-rich carcinomas might derive from dysregulated stem cells rather than from formerly well-differentiated Paneth cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Calnexin Reflects Paneth Cell Differentiation and Function

Gaßler

Schnölzer

Rohr

et al. 2002

Laboratory Investigation

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SUMMARY:It has been suggested that the behavior and function of Paneth cells in metaplasia are different from those found in normal intestinal mucosa. In this study, we investigated whether calnexin, a protein involved in secretory pathways, might be associated with differentiation and function of Paneth cells in normal small intestine, in complete intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, and in Paneth cell-rich adenomas. Differentiation and function of Paneth cells was monitored by Ki67, lysozyme, and morphologic features. Using a newly established monoclonal antibody, we found that calnexin is regularly synthesized by Paneth cells of normal small intestine. In these cells, the staining intensity of calnexin was inversely correlated with their content of secretory granules (lysozyme). In contrast, Paneth cells of intestinal metaplasia and Paneth cell-rich adenomas showed a reduced immunostaining of both calnexin and lysozyme. Moreover, these Paneth cells synthesized the proliferation marker Ki67, a phenomenon that was never observed in Paneth cells of normal small intestine. In vitro experiments using CaCo2 cells showed that the expression of calnexin is not directly affected by the induction of mitosis. In conclusion, calnexin probably reflects the status of Paneth cell differentiation and function. The results do not necessarily indicate that calnexin has a function in Paneth cell proliferation. (Lab Invest 2002, 82:1647-1659.T he four principal epithelial cell types of the human small intestinal mucosa (absorptive, goblet, Paneth, and endocrine cells) derive from a multipotent stem cell located near the base of crypts of Lieberkühn. In contrast to absorptive and goblet cells, which migrate in approximately 5 days from the crypt depths to the surface, endocrine cells and Paneth cells differentiate during a downward migration to the base of crypts. Paneth cells reside there for approximately 20 days (Bry et al, 1994). Paneth cells are generally recognized in hematoxylin and eosinstained sections by their large eosinophilic apical secretory granules and their characteristic ultrastructural pattern (Otto, 1973). Functions that have been attributed to Paneth cells include modulation of the intestinal microflora and maintenance of the mucosal defense barrier through production and secretion of several antimicrobial peptides, such as lysozyme, secretory phospholipase A 2 , and ␣-defensins (Nevalainen et al, 1998;Ouellette, 1999;Ouellette and Bevins, 2001). In addition, Paneth cells can also produce further regulatory molecules including growth factors, suggesting that Paneth cells may regulate the proliferation and differentiation programs of epithelial cell lineages by short-circuit paracrine loops (Bry et al, 1994;Ganz, 2000).In humans, Paneth cell metaplasia is preferentially found in atrophic gastritis (Wong et al, 2000). Other nonmalignant pathologic conditions associated with Paneth cell metaplasia are diversion colitis, ulcerative colitis, and collagenous colitis (Goff et al, 1997;Shah et al, 1998;Stamp et al, ...

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Paneth Cell‐rich Flat Adenoma of the Rectum: Report of a Case

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of Metastatic Intestinal Adenocarcinoma with Differentiation into Multiple Morphologic Cell Types in a Virginia Opossum

Characterization of Metastatic Intestinal Adenocarcinoma with Differentiation into Multiple Morphologic Cell Types in a Virginia Opossum

Ultrastructural and Histochemical Study on the Paneth Cells in the Rat Ascending Colon

Expression of Calnexin Reflects Paneth Cell Differentiation and Function

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