Panel Survey Estimation of the Impact of Urbanization in China: Does Level of Urbanization Affect Healthcare Expenditure, Utilization or Healthcare Seeking Behavior?

Shi, Lu; Smit, Ellen; Luck, Jeff

doi:10.1080/10971475.2020.1848472

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We use per capita GDP of each region to assess economic development level ( pgdp ). Urbanization plays an important role in medical expenditure, provision of public goods and facilities, and utilization of health services ( 39 , 70 , 71 ). Liang ( 72 ) believed that the urbanization rate reflects the public health level of a region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency measurement and spatial spillover effect of provincial health systems in China: Based on the two-stage network DEA model

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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The effectiveness of a health care system is an important factor for improving people's health and quality of life. The purpose of this research is to analyze the efficiency and spatial spillover effects of provincial health systems in China using panel data from 2009 to 2020. We employ the two-stage network DEA model to evaluate their efficiencies and use a spatial econometric model for empirical estimation. The results suggest that the overall efficiency, resource allocation efficiency, and service operation efficiency of health systems in different regions of China generally have fluctuating upward trends, with large differences in efficiency among the various regions. Further analysis reveals that the efficiency of China's health system has a significant spatial spillover effect. The level of economic development, fiscal decentralization and old-age dependency ratio are important factors affecting the health system efficiency. Our findings help to identify the efficiency and internal operating mechanisms of China's health system at different stages, and are expected to contribute to policymakers' efforts to build a high-quality health service system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency measurement and spatial spillover effect of provincial health systems in China: Based on the two-stage network DEA model

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…The major explanatory variables utilised in this study are based on the socioeconomic factors of patients with acute and chronic diseases, following earlier studies in various urban settings [31,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The age of the population is categorised into four groups (younger than 5, 5-14, 15-60 and older than 60).…”

Section: Major Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-pocket payment for healthcare among urban citizens in Dhaka, Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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Objectives Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment is the major payment strategy for healthcare in Bangladesh, and the share of OOP expenditure has increased alarmingly. Dhaka is recognised as one of the fastest-growing megacities in the world. The objective of this study is to capture the self-reported illnesses among urban citizens and to identify whether and to what extent socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural factors of the population influence OOP healthcare expenditures. Subject and methods This study utilises cross-sectional survey data collected from May to August 2019 in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 3,100 households were randomly selected. Simple descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentage, mean (95% CI), median and inter-quartile range were presented. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression models were employed. Results We observed that acute illnesses (e.g., fever, flu/cough) were dominant among participants. Among the chronic illnesses, approximately 9.6% of people had diabetes, while 5.3% had high/low blood pressure. The richest quintile only spent 5.2% of their household income on healthcare, while the poorest households spent approximately six times more than the richest households. We noted that various factors such as marital status, religion, source of care, access to safe water, income quintile and even the location of households had a significant relationship with OOP expenditure. Conclusions Our findings can serve as important source of data in terms of disease- specific symptoms and out-of-pocket cost among urban citizens in Dhaka. The people belonging to wealthier households tended to choose better healthcare facilities and spend more. A pro-poor policy initiative and even an urban health protection scheme may be necessary to ensure that healthcare services are accessible and affordable, in line with the Bangladesh National Urban Health Strategy.

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“…With the rapid urbanization and increasing population of China over the last few decades, major changes have taken place in the land use and land cover (LULC) patterns of China. (1) LULC change detection techniques are an important tool for detecting changes on the earth's surface at different spatiotemporal scales. (2) LULC patterns are to a large extent determined by the natural environment and the demand for various economic activities, which also have a critical influence on urban development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Land Cover Change Detection Using Multisensor and Multiresolution Remote Sensing Images: A Case Study of Chang’an University, China

Liu¹,

Adil²,

Ma³

2021

Sensors and Materials

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Change detection is one of the most important aspects of remote sensing applications. However, owing to the limited conditions of image acquisition, images obtained from the same type of remote sensors are usually used to monitor long-term land use and land cover (LULC) changes. Owing to developments in aerospace technology and new optical remote sensors, LULC change detection can be performed well with multisensor and multiresolution images. The main contribution of this article is to verify that it is feasible and practicable to perform long-term LULC change detection by applying different change detection methods to multisensor and multiresolution remote sensing images. In this study, different change detection methods were used on Landsat, QuickBird, WorldView-4, and GF-2 images to detect LULC changes on Weishui Campus of Chang'an University, China, from 1998 to 2018. Results showed that the direct spectral comparison method using Landsat-5 images could more efficiently detect LULC changes between 1998 and 2008 than the post-classification change detection method using Landsat-7 images. However, for 2008-2018, the object-based change detection method was more applicable than the post-classification method for monitoring LULC changes on campus by using time-series high-resolution images. This study can be used as a reference for the utilization of multisensor and multiresolution remote sensing images and the combination of different change detection methods in the LULC change detection field.

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Panel Survey Estimation of the Impact of Urbanization in China: Does Level of Urbanization Affect Healthcare Expenditure, Utilization or Healthcare Seeking Behavior?

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Efficiency measurement and spatial spillover effect of provincial health systems in China: Based on the two-stage network DEA model

Efficiency measurement and spatial spillover effect of provincial health systems in China: Based on the two-stage network DEA model

Out-of-pocket payment for healthcare among urban citizens in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Long-term Land Cover Change Detection Using Multisensor and Multiresolution Remote Sensing Images: A Case Study of Chang’an University, China

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