1981
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4076(81)90085-3
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Panel data and unobservable individual effects

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Cited by 1,073 publications
(1,178 citation statements)
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“…Based on Hausman's (1978) test for a fixed-effects estimator versus a GLS estimator, Hausman and Taylor (1981) develop a test of the uncorrelation hypothesis required in stochastic frontier random-effects model. Hausman and Taylor (1981), assuming that the effects are uncorrelated with some but not all of the regressors, also allows for the treatment of time-invariant variables. In that framework, individual effects can be consistently estimated and separated from the intercept term as long as cross-sectional and temporal observations are large enough.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on Hausman's (1978) test for a fixed-effects estimator versus a GLS estimator, Hausman and Taylor (1981) develop a test of the uncorrelation hypothesis required in stochastic frontier random-effects model. Hausman and Taylor (1981), assuming that the effects are uncorrelated with some but not all of the regressors, also allows for the treatment of time-invariant variables. In that framework, individual effects can be consistently estimated and separated from the intercept term as long as cross-sectional and temporal observations are large enough.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, panel data has the characteristics of controlling the endogeneity and heterogeneity problems. So the panel regression model analyzes the individual specific factor in different cross sections and in different time series of dependent variable with the independent variables (Hausman & Taylor, 1981 In the above equation (1), the endogeneity is denoted by X' it and the individual effect or heterogeneity is expressed by Z' t which postulates a stable and recognizable and non-recognizable variables. OLS evaluation supplies proficient and steady approximation of the original considerations (Kyereboah, 2007).…”
Section: Analytical Framework and Empirical Model Specificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Post-Civil War files at the archive tended to include a certificate of organization, rather than the more detailed articles; certificates only provided information on a bank's corporate name, the city in which its business was to be located, its capital, and its subscribing shareholders. Directors were not regularly identified in the certificates, though director lists could sometimes be recovered from other correspondence between a bank and the 18 Hausman and Taylor (1981) show that fixed-effects estimates control for omitted variable bias in panel data sets, but Angrist and Pischke (2009) show that instrumental variables estimates are more likely to produce causal estimates when a good instrument can be identified. We have not been able to identify a valid instrument.…”
Section: Datamentioning
confidence: 99%