Panduralimulus Babcocki N. Gen. And Sp., a New Limulacean Horseshoe Crab From the Permian of Texas

Allen, Joel G.; Feldmann, Rodney M.

doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0594:pbngas>2.0.co;2

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Bellinuroopsis resolves at the base of the clade with Rolfeia representing the sister taxon to a clade comprising Paleolimulidae and Limuloidea. The genus Paleolimulus has frequently been suggested to represent an unnatural group in the past (Anderson and Selden ; Babcock and Merriam ; Allen and Feldmann ), a contention supported by the current topology. Paleolimulus here comprises only the type species, Paleolimulus signatus , with the remaining species assigned to the Austrolimulidae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Austrolimulids also have a Palaeozoic origin but radiated during the early Mesozoic. The Palaeozoic representatives are known from marginal marine, fluvially influenced environments, with Panduralimulus closely associated with terrestrial components that suggest it had been transported into the delta from upstream (Allen and Feldmann ). ‘ Paleolimulus ’ longispinus , however, is known from a shallow marine basin with freshwater influence along its margin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Casterolimulus Holland et al ., ; Panduralimulus Allen and Feldmann, ; Dubbolimulus Pickett, ; Psammolimulus Lange, ; ‘ Paleolimulus ’ Dunbar, .…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horseshoe crab phylogeny and independent colonizations of fresh water: ecological invasion as a driver for morphological innovation

Lamsdell

2015

Palaeontology

159

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Xiphosurids are an archaic group of aquatic chelicerate arthropods, generally known by the colloquial misnomer of 'horseshoe crabs'. Known from marine environments as far back as the early Ordovician, horseshoe crabs are generally considered 'living fossils'descendants of a bradytelic lineage exhibiting little morphological or ecological variation throughout geological time. However, xiphosurids are known from freshwater sediments in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic; furthermore, the contention that xiphosurids show little morphological variation has never been tested empirically. Attempts to test this are hampered by the lack of a modern phylogenetic framework with which to explore different evolutionary scenarios. Here, I present a phylogenetic analysis of Xiphosurida and explore patterns of morphospace and environmental occupation of the group throughout the Phanerozoic. Xiphosurids are shown to have invaded non-marine environments independently at least five times throughout their evolutionary history, twice resulting in the radiation of major cladesbellinurines and austrolimulidsthat occupied novel regions of morphospace. These clades show a convergent ecological pattern of differentiation, speciation and subsequent extinction. Horseshoe crabs are shown to have a more dynamic and complex evolutionary history than previously supposed, with the extant species representing only a fraction of the group's past ecological and morphological diversity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horseshoe crab phylogeny and independent colonizations of fresh water: ecological invasion as a driver for morphological innovation

Lamsdell

2015

Palaeontology

159

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“…We note that at least one species of Paleolimulus , an undoubted Carboniferous–Permian xiphosurid, has recently been redescribed as having a two‐part opisthosoma: a broad anterior sclerite containing six fused segments and a posterior unit with two (Babcock et al. 2000, but see Allen and Feldmann 2005). It remains unclear whether in Paleolimulus the putative metasoma represents a modified plesiomorphic condition (with loss of one of three posteriormost tergites) or a secondary reversal from a fully fused nine‐somite thoracetron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oldest Horseshoe Crab: A New Xiphosurid From Late Ordovician Konservat‐lagerstätten Deposits, Manitoba, Canada

Rudkin¹,

Young²,

Nowlan

2008

Palaeontology

140

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A remarkable new fossil horseshoe crab, Lunataspis aurora gen. et sp. nov., from recently discovered Upper Ordovician (c. 445 Ma) shallow marine Konservat-Lagerstät-ten deposits in Manitoba (Canada), is characterized by fusion of opisthosomal tergites into two sclerites. A broad mesosoma of six or seven fused segments, followed by a narrow metasoma of three reduced segments, represents an advanced transitional condition in the development of the xiphosurid thoracetron. Lunataspis further possesses a large crescentic prosomal shield bearing lateral compound eyes on weak ophthalmic ridges that flank a low cardiac lobe, and a keeled lanceolate telson. Lunataspis is much older than the proposed 'synziphosurine' stem lineage of Carboniferous and post-Palaeozoic Xiphosurida, yet is strikingly similar to crown group limuline horseshoe crabs, indicating that major features of the distinctive and highly conserved xiphosurid Bauplan evolved considerably earlier in the Palaeozoic than was previously suspected. In addition to establishing a new temporal benchmark for assessing hypotheses of early chelicerate relationships, the discovery of horseshoe crabs in a Late Ordovician marginal marine setting marks the earliest definitive record of this persistent ecological association.

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“…Austrolimulus Riek, 1955. Included genera. Batracholimulus gen. nov.; Boeotiaspis gen. nov.; Dubbolimulus Pickett, 1984;Limulitella Størmer, 1952[= Limulites Schimper, 1853; Panduralimulus Allen & Feldmann, 2005;Psammolimulus Lange, 1922;Shpineviolimulus Bicknell, Naugolnykh & Brougham, 2020;Tasmaniolimulus Bicknell, 2019;Vaderlimulus Lerner, Lucas & Lockley, 2017. Distribution. Carboniferous-Triassic; Australia, France, Germany, Tunisia, Russia, Ukraine, and United States.…”

Section: Stilpnocephalus Selden Simonetto and Marsiglio 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogeny and systematics of Xiphosura

Lamsdell

2020

PeerJ

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Xiphosurans are aquatic chelicerates with a fossil record extending into the Early Ordovician and known from a total of 88 described species, four of which are extant. Known for their apparent morphological conservatism, for which they have gained notoriety as supposed ‘living fossils’, recent analyses have demonstrated xiphosurans to have an ecologically diverse evolutionary history, with several groups moving into non-marine environments and developing morphologies markedly different from those of the modern species. The combination of their long evolutionary and complex ecological history along with their paradoxical patterns of morphological stasis in some clades and experimentation among others has resulted in Xiphosura being of particular interest for macroevolutionary study. Phylogenetic analyses have shown the current taxonomic framework for Xiphosura—set out in the Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology in 1955—to be outdated and in need of revision, with several common genera such as Paleolimulus Dunbar, 1923 and Limulitella Størmer, 1952 acting as wastebasket taxa. Here, an expanded xiphosuran phylogeny is presented, comprising 58 xiphosuran species as part of a 158 taxon chelicerate matrix coded for 259 characters. Analysing the matrix under both Bayesian inference and parsimony optimisation criteria retrieves a concordant tree topology that forms the basis of a genus-level systematic revision of xiphosuran taxonomy. The genera Euproops Meek, 1867, Belinurus König, 1820, Paleolimulus, Limulitella, and Limulus are demonstrated to be non-monophyletic and the previously synonymized genera Koenigiella Raymond, 1944 and Prestwichianella Cockerell, 1905 are shown to be valid. In addition, nine new genera (Andersoniella gen. nov., Macrobelinurus gen. nov., and Parabelinurus gen. nov. in Belinurina; Norilimulus gen. nov. in Paleolimulidae; Batracholimulus gen. nov. and Boeotiaspis gen. nov. in Austrolimulidae; and Allolimulus gen. nov., Keuperlimulus gen. nov., and Volanalimulus gen. nov. in Limulidae) are erected to accommodate xiphosuran species not encompassed by existing genera. One new species, Volanalimulus madagascarensis gen. et sp. nov., is also described. Three putative xiphosuran genera—Elleria Raymond, 1944, Archeolimulus Chlupáč, 1963, and Drabovaspis Chlupáč, 1963—are determined to be non-xiphosuran arthropods and as such are removed from Xiphosura. The priority of Belinurus König, 1820 over Bellinurus Pictet, 1846 is also confirmed. This work is critical for facilitating the study of the xiphosuran fossil record and is the first step in resolving longstanding questions regarding the geographic distribution of the modern horseshoe crab species and whether they truly represent ‘living fossils’. Understanding the long evolutionary history of Xiphosura is vital for interpreting how the modern species may respond to environmental change and in guiding conservation efforts.

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Panduralimulus Babcocki N. Gen. And Sp., a New Limulacean Horseshoe Crab From the Permian of Texas

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Horseshoe crab phylogeny and independent colonizations of fresh water: ecological invasion as a driver for morphological innovation

Horseshoe crab phylogeny and independent colonizations of fresh water: ecological invasion as a driver for morphological innovation

The Oldest Horseshoe Crab: A New Xiphosurid From Late Ordovician Konservat‐lagerstätten Deposits, Manitoba, Canada

The phylogeny and systematics of Xiphosura

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