Pandemic impacts on public transport safety and stress perceptions in Nordic cities

Generalized Ordered Logit Model with Testing Assumptions: A Case Study of Using Urban Light Rail in Bursa

“…The decrease in the use of public transport was in correlation with the rising number of Covid-19 cases [17][18][19]. It is stated that the most important challenge after the Covid-19 pandemic is to re-establish trust in public transportation [20][21][22]. Travel behavior, sociodemographic and latent characteristics of the road users were found to be significant for the reason of switch from public transport to other modes during the pandemic [23].…”

“…As stated in the United Nations Agenda 30, prepared for sustainable development, it is a human right to feel safe in public [20]. The Great Walk of Athens (GWA) has been determined that the use of public transportation has decreased due to the decrease in the desire to share indoor space after the pandemic and the public did not show the expected interest in the GWA project, and the most important reason for this was that the public was not sufficiently included in the planning stage [27].…”

“…Regarding the information given in the literature, investigating the factors affecting the perception of public transport use emerges to be carried out. The previous studies mainly carried out a survey and aimed to explore the importance of the parameters by applying several analysis methods, such as structural equation modelling [20,39], exploratory factor analysis [33], binary logistic regression [36], multivariate regression analysis [37], two-parameter probit model [40], Mann Whitney U test [44], multi-group analysis method [45] and multinomial logit model [23]. The analysis in this paper aimed to focus not only on examining the factors, but also on applying a deeper methodology for investigating categorical variables.…”

“…Women and elder road users exhibited higher susceptibility to using public transport during the pandemic situation [31][32]. The effects of the pre-and post-pandemic on public transport users have been investigated in three different Scandinavian cities; Stockholm, Bergen and Oslo [20]. The results suggested that women experienced more stress and had less confidence while using public transportation during the pandemic period.…”

“…This situation was reduced but not fully recovered post pandemic period. This cannot be explained by the negative service level but by the decrease in the number of individuals who prefer public transportation [20]. The study [33] carried out in Lahore, Pakistan indicated that elderly individuals were less likely to use public transport in the absence of necessary precautions, while individuals with lower levels of education exhibited higher usage, highlighting the potential for attitude change through the implementation of sanitation measures and informative activities [34].…”