Pandemic COVID-19, an update of current status and new therapeutic strategies

Vitiello, Antonio; Porta, Raffaele La; Trama, Ugo; Ferrara, Francesco; Zovi, Andrea; Auti, Amogh Milind; Domenico, Marina Di; Boccellino, Mariarosaria

doi:10.1007/s00210-022-02265-9

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Monkeypox has a lower incidence of severe forms than COVID-19, although there are many concerns about the geographical spread and further resurgence of the infection [ 8 , 9 ]. Between 2010 and 2019, a few cases were reported in Nigeria after 40 years of silencing infections.…”

Section: The Smallpoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Know About the Smallpox Virus? A Journey Between Clinic and Therapy

Zovi

Ferrara²,

Sorrentino³

et al. 2022

Pharm Res

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Purpose Modern research is increasingly focusing on the study of new viruses and the re-emergence of past microbes, such as Coronaviruses, particularly Sars-Cov2 that was responsible for the very recent pandemic. Methods and Results This infection manifested itself and still continues to manifest as a severe respiratory syndrome. The main discriminator of whether or not one succeeds in overcoming this infection may depend on a great many factors, but the main one is definitely determined by vaccination, which has minimized hospitalizations and more severe syndromes. Conclusion Recently, a new virus, the monkeypox virus, which was previously confined to Central and West Africa but is now gradually spreading to more than 30 countries including the United States of America, where such an infection is not endemic, is coming forward again.

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Section: The Smallpoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Know About the Smallpox Virus? A Journey Between Clinic and Therapy

Zovi

Ferrara²,

Sorrentino³

et al. 2022

Pharm Res

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“…By 2025, a decade would have elapsed since the implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Plan of Action (GPA) to combat AMR, in which five strategic objectives are proposed to reduce this global problem [12,20,22]. One of the planned objectives is to promote the optimal use of antimicrobials through Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, these programs have been implemented in many countries, demonstrating improved patient outcomes, and decreased AMR and healthcare-associated infections [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in Italy the implementation of these programs has improved patient clinical outcomes in terms of readmission, mortality rate, improvements in therapy selection, and cost reduction [27]. Despite certain advancements, there is a pressing need to undertake more impactful and tangible measures to address this issue [20,22,28]. Therefore, it is crucial to address this phenomenon through a Global Health approach, which is multidisciplinary and characterized by a holistic view that integrates resources in the environmental, human, and veterinary fields [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Consumption in Primary Care in Costa Rica and Italy: A Retrospective Cross-Country Analysis

Zavaleta‐Monestel¹,

Ferrara²,

Zovi³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background and objective: The increasing emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens resulting from inappropriate antibiotic usage have become more evident in recent years, particularly with the rising incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Since joining the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Costa Rica can now compare its healthcare system with other countries, and similarities have been noted with Italy regarding health indicators. Both nations have universal healthcare systems, covering their entire populations, and hold similar positions in the Human Development Index (HDI). Consequently, the goal is to compare antibiotic prescribing and consumption patterns to collaboratively develop strategies against bacterial resistance. Methods: In order to compare antibiotic consumption between regions, a standardized contrast was utilized, specifically using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD). An Orthogonal Contrast test was performed to test the means, followed by the application of the Student's t-test on these contrasts. This analysis aimed to assess the potential influence of regions on DDD values. Antibiotic consumption data were collected between January 2021 and December 2022 from the Local Health Authority of Naples 3 South (LHANS) in Italy and IQVIA reports in Costa Rica.Results: LHANS shows a considerable disparity in gross expenditure compared to Italy's overall expenditure, while the private sector in Costa Rica exhibits even lower gross expenditure than Italy. Antibiotic consumption in Italy exceeds that of Costa Rica, with Costa Rica's consumption amounting to 47.70% of Italy's total consumption. Additionally, LHANS exhibited a 22.43% higher gross expenditure compared to the Campania region, emphasizing the variability in antibiotic usage within the same country The results indicated no statistically significant differences in antibiotic consumption between the regions, as none of the null hypotheses were rejected. Conclusions:The study provides valuable insights into expenditure patterns and antibiotic consumption, highlighting the need for improved prescribing practices and awareness campaigns to address the issue of antibiotic resistance. The findings emphasize the importance of implementing international guidelines to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and ensure the effective management of infectious diseases.

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“…Indeed, the main SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron have been responsible for the largest pandemic waves [ 8 ]. Scientists are continuing to work to identify ever safer and more effective preventive tools against the different variants of the virus [ 9 , 10 ]; global vaccination appears to be the most effective weapon to overcome the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: A Retrospective Observational Pharmacovigilance Study

Ferrara¹,

Mancaniello²,

Varriale³

et al. 2022

Clin Drug Investig

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Background and Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused millions of deaths worldwide. The mRNA vaccines prevented the figure from being more severe. The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the safety of COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing the adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). Methods A retrospective observational pharmacovigilance study was conducted, based on the collection of reports of suspected AEFIs reported between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021 at the Naples 3 local health authority. AEFIs were stratified and described according to mRNA vaccine, demographics, clinical status, description of AEFI, and degree of severity. In 2021, local health authority Asl Naples 3 South received 1164 reports of suspected adverse events that occurred following the administration of mRNA vaccines. Results During the reporting period, 746 reports were related to the Comirnaty vaccine (64.1%), 281 to the Vaxzevria vaccine (24.1%), 107 to the Spikevax vaccine (9.2%), and 30 to the Jcovden vaccine (2.6%); 89.3% of the reports were classified as not serious ( N = 1039 reports), the remaining 10.7% as serious ( N = 125 reports). Conclusions This retrospective pharmacovigilance study demonstrates that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are safe in all population groups.

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Pandemic COVID-19, an update of current status and new therapeutic strategies

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

What Do We Know About the Smallpox Virus? A Journey Between Clinic and Therapy

What Do We Know About the Smallpox Virus? A Journey Between Clinic and Therapy

Antibiotic Consumption in Primary Care in Costa Rica and Italy: A Retrospective Cross-Country Analysis

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: A Retrospective Observational Pharmacovigilance Study

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