Pancytopenia with Bleeding Tendency Associated with Bone Marrow Aplasia in a Holstein Calf

Shimada, Asuka; Onozato, Tomoya; Hoshi, Eriko; Togashi, Yoshihiko; Matsui, Motozumi; Miyake, Yoh‐Ichi; Kobayashi, Yoshiyasu; Furuoka, Hidefumi; Matsui, Takane; Sasaki, Naoki; Ishii, Mitsuo; Inokuma, Hisashi

doi:10.1292/jvms.69.1317

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In the literature individual cases of bleeding disorders with thrombocytopenia due to damage of bone marrow of unknown causes have been described (Shimada et al, 2007;Braun et al, 2008;Friedrich et al, 2009b;Fukunaka et al, 2010). Even if the signs and post-mortem findings of BNP calves are very similar to these cases described earlier, the striking increase in incidence of BNP cases suggests a new contributing factor.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

Case control study to investigate risk factors for bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) in young calves in southern Germany

Sauter‐Louis¹,

Carlin²,

Friedrich³

et al. 2012

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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A case control study on farm level was conducted at the Clinic for Ruminants, LMU Munich, to identify possible risk factors associated with the observed increase in numbers of calves showing clinical signs of Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP) since 2006 in southern Germany. Interviews were conducted between August 2008 and June 2010. The characteristics of 56 dairy farms with at least one confirmed case of BNP (thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia and/or typical findings in post-mortem examination and bone marrow histology) were compared with those of two sets of 50 control dairy farms each, with no history of BNP. The first set of 50 control farms was selected randomly from veterinary practices which had never observed a BNP case on the farms they serviced. The second set of 50 control farms was matched by the veterinary practices which had provided case farms. Two separate analyses were conducted: (1) case farms (n=56) vs. randomly selected control farms (n=50) and (2) case farms (n=56) vs. a matched set of control farms (n=50). All variables with p<0.2 in the univariable analysis were included in stepwise logistic regression models. In the first analysis, only the use of PregSure(®) BVD vaccine was positively associated with BNP with an odds ratio of 1292 (95% CI: 114-14707). In the second analysis, conditional logistic regression models did not converge, therefore non-conditional logistic regression models were conducted. In the non-conditional analysis five variables remained in the model, three of which were negatively associated with BNP: the use of vitamin E and selenium, the frequent use of mastitis tubes, and the use of stem growth regulators in grain production. The use of prophylactic measures (such as control of parasites or vaccination of calves against respiratory disease) was positively associated with BNP with an odds ratio of 14.3 as well as the use of PregSure(®) BVD vaccine with an odds ratio of 426 (95% CI: 20-9095).

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

Case control study to investigate risk factors for bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) in young calves in southern Germany

Sauter‐Louis¹,

Carlin²,

Friedrich³

et al. 2012

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…They could have been misclassified with respect to dam vaccination status, colostrum feeding or dam's BNP history due to incorrect farmer recall, or they could have developed pancytopenia due to other causes. Prior to the identification of BNP there were sporadic cases of unexplained pancytopenia in young calves [16][17][18][19], so some of our 20 calves could represent a background incidence of pancytopenia that is unrelated to ingestion of colostrum from PregSure-vaccinated cows. Further research is required to determine whether sporadic unexplained pancytopenia cases have the same pathogenesis as PregSure-associated BNP cases, and therefore whether the introduction of PregSure vaccination has increased the incidence of an existing but rare syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calf-Level Factors Associated with Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia – A Multi-Country Case-Control Study

et al. 2013

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Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), a high fatality condition causing haemorrhages in calves aged less than 4 weeks, was first reported in 2007 in Germany and subsequently observed at low incidence in other European countries and New Zealand. A multi-country matched case-control study was conducted in 2011 to identify calf-level risk factors for BNP. 405 BNP cases were recruited from 330 farms in Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands by laboratory confirmation of farmer-reported cases. Up to four calves of similar age from the same farm were selected as controls (1154 calves). Risk factor data were collected by questionnaire. Multivariable modelling using conditional logistic regression indicated that PregSure®BVD (PregSure, Pfizer Animal Health) vaccination of the dam was strongly associated with BNP cases (adjusted matched Odds Ratio - amOR 17.8 first lactation dams; 95% confidence interval – ci 2.4, 134.4; p = 0.005), and second or more lactation PregSure-vaccinated dams were more likely to have a case than first lactation vaccinated dams (amOR 2.2 second lactation; ci 1.1, 4.3; p = 0.024; amOR 5.3 third or more lactation; ci 2.9, 9.8; p = <0.001). Feeding colostrum from other cows was strongly associated with BNP if the dam was not PregSure-vaccinated (amOR 30.5; ci 2.1, 440.5; p = 0.012), but the effect was less if the dam was PregSure-vaccinated (amOR 2.1; ci 1.1, 4.0; p = 0.024). Feeding exclusively dam’s milk was a higher risk than other types of milk (amOR 3.4; ci 1.6, 7.5; p = 0.002). The population attributable fractions were 0.84 (ci 0.68, 0.92) for PregSure vaccination, 0.13 (ci 0.06, 0.19) for feeding other cows’ colostrum, and 0.15 (ci 0.08, 0.22) for feeding dam’s milk. No other calf-level factors were identified, suggesting that there are other important factors that are outside the scope of this study, such as genetics, which explain why BNP develops in some PregSure-colostrum-exposed calves but not in others.

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“…In bovine medicine thrombocytopenia is often idiopathic, probably because of the limited individual diagnostics in thrombocytopenic cattle (Lunn and Butler, 1991; Janzen and Clark, 1995). In literature only one case report is available, which resembles the current syndrome, as it describes pancytopenia in an 11‐day‐old HF calf (Shimada et al., 2007). No toxic cause could be determined, although the calf had been treated with a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) genotype II infection is the main cause of a haemorrhagic syndrome in susceptible cattle (Corapi et al., 1989). Most other causes of HD affect individual animals and have a number of aetiologies and pathological mechanisms (Weiss and Adams, 1987; Lunn and Butler, 1991; Janzen and Clark, 1995; Shimada et al., 2007; Braun et al., 2008). In 2008–2009 a sudden increase in the number of cases of HD was seen in Belgium and in neighbouring countries such as Germany and the Netherlands (Friedrich et al., 2009; A. Smolenaars, personal communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemorrhagic Diathesis in Neonatal Calves: An Emerging Syndrome in Europe

Pardon

Steukers

Dierick

et al. 2010

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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In 2008 and 2009 a large number of cases of haemorrhagic diathesis (HD) in neonatal calves were reported in different European countries. In Flanders, 84 cases of neonatal HD in 30 herds were reported in this period. The disease typically affects calves younger than 1 month old from different breed and gender. Prominent clinical signs are cutaneous bleeding, petechiae on all mucosae, melena and often high fever. Early in the disease, the mental state of the animals is uncompromised. The typical haematological finding is pancytopenia, with severe to complete thrombocytopenia being the cause of the increased susceptibility to bleeding. In seven of the affected herds blood samples of calves of the same age group as the clinical case were collected and on six of those farms at least one subclinical case could be identified. Necropsy findings were generalized petechiae, ecchymoses or haemorrhages and variable lymphadenopathy. Histopathology of haemorrhagic lesions revealed multifocal extravasation of red blood cells (haemorrhage) with preservation of tissue architecture and absence of other abnormalities. Total bone marrow aplasia and depletion of all lymphoid tissue was the most prominent finding on histology. Activated macrophages and haemophagocytosis were seen on bone marrow cytology from two live calves. Polymerase chain reaction for bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus was negative. Several attempts to isolate a viral agent were unsuccessful.

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Pancytopenia with Bleeding Tendency Associated with Bone Marrow Aplasia in a Holstein Calf

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Case control study to investigate risk factors for bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) in young calves in southern Germany

Case control study to investigate risk factors for bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) in young calves in southern Germany

Calf-Level Factors Associated with Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia – A Multi-Country Case-Control Study

Haemorrhagic Diathesis in Neonatal Calves: An Emerging Syndrome in Europe

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