Pancreatobiliary Flow Dynamics: Association Between Bile and Pancreatic Juice Evaluated With Cine‐Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography Using Spatially Selective Inversion Recovery Pulse

Abstract

Background The physiological flow patterns and the reciprocal relationship between pancreatic juice and bile excretion dynamics have not been clearly elucidated by imaging. Purpose To assess the physiological flow patterns of bile and pancreatic juice simultaneously in order to clarify the pancreatobiliary flow dynamics using cine‐dynamic magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with a spatial selective inversion recovery (IR) pulse. Study Type Retrospective. Population A total of 85 patients with physiologically normal pancreatobiliary flow without ductal dilatation (normal group) and 19 patients with dilated pancreatic duct. Field Strength/Sequence A 3 T, fast spin echo sequence with IR pulse to nullify the signal of static pancreatic juice and bile. Assessment The frequency and secretion grade of the antegrade and reverse flow of the pancreatic juice and bile on cine‐dynamic MRCP were visually evaluated. Additionally, the reciprocal relationship between pancreatic juice and bile flow was evaluated based on its flow patterns. Statistical Tests Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis and the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used. P values of <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results In the normal group, the antegrade pancreatic juice flow and no bile flow pattern was most frequently observed (29%), followed by the no pancreatic juice flow and no bile flow pattern (23%), the antegrade pancreatic juice flow and antegrade bile flow pattern (22%), and the no pancreatic juice flow and reverse bile flow pattern (9%). The flow of the pancreatic juice and bile were synchronized with each other in 47%, while they were not in 53%. In the dilated pancreatic duct group, the mean secretion grade of the antegrade bile and pancreatic juice flow was significantly lower than in the normal group. Data Conclusion Cine‐dynamic MRCP with a spatially selective IR pulse can visualize the variations of the physiological flow patterns of bile and pancreatic juice including 53% of unsynchronized patterns. Level of Evidence 4 Technical Efficacy Stage 5

Bile Flow Dynamics in Patients with Cholelithiasis: An Evaluation with Cine-Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography Using a Spatially Selective Inversion-Recovery Pulse

“…Cine-dynamic magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with a spatially selective inversion recovery (IR) pulse can directly and noninvasively visualize the physiological flow of bile [ 9 , 10 ]. Using this technique, some previous studies have evaluated the flow dynamics pattern of bile in a variety of pathological conditions, such as extrahepatic bile duct dilatation and post-cholecystectomy [ 9 , 11 ].…”