Pancreatitis in dogs and cats: definitions and pathophysiology

Watson, Penny

doi:10.1111/jsap.12293

Cited by 69 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…In our study, the median age of dogs with moderate or severe pancreatitis was 9 years, which is in accordance with the veterinary literature 28 . Breed predispositions as described in the United Kingdom or the United States were not found in our group of dogs with mild or moderate or severe pancreatitis 30‐32 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Histopathological findings and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in normal dogs and dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the pancreas

Aupperle‐Lellbach

Törner

Staudacher³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Diagnosis of pancreatic diseases in dogs is still challenging because of variable clinical signs, which do not always correspond with clinical pathology and histopathological findings.Objectives: To characterize inflammatory and neoplastic pancreatic diseases of dogs and to correlate these findings with clinical findings and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) results.Animals: Tissue specimens and corresponding blood samples from 72 dogs submitted for routine diagnostic testing.Methods: Four groups were defined histologically: (1) normal pancreas (n = 40),(2) mild pancreatitis (n = 8), (3) moderate or severe pancreatitis (acute, n = 11; chronic, n = 1), and (4) pancreatic neoplasms (n = 12). An in-house cPLI ELISA (<180 μg/L, normal; >310 μg/L, pancreatitis) was performed.Results: In dogs with normal pancreas, 92.5% of serum cPLI results were within the reference range and significantly lower than in dogs with mild acute pancreatitis, moderate or severe acute pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors. In dogs with moderate or severe acute pancreatitis, cPLI sensitivity was 90.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58.7%-99.8%). Most dogs (9/12) with pancreatic tumors (group 4) had additional pancreatic inflammation and cPLI results were increased in 10 dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: High cPLI indicates serious acute pancreatitis but underlying pancreatic neoplasms should also be taken into consideration. This study confirms the relevance of histopathology in the diagnostic evaluation of pancreatic diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Histopathological findings and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in normal dogs and dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the pancreas

Aupperle‐Lellbach

Törner

Staudacher³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Dogs and cats, which have a retroperitoneally situated, solid pancreas, similar to humans, had a major role until the 1960s because of the similarities in the anatomy and pathophysiology of the human pancreas (101,104). The duct anatomy of the cat resembles the human pancreatic duct, as the single pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct before entering the duodenum (105). Blockage of the feline main pancreatic duct for CP induction was practiced in several studies by partial (106,107) and complete (108,109) duct ligation, well mimicking the major hallmarks of human CP (108).…”

Section: Nonrodent Models For Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically inducedvs.classical animal models of chronic pancreatitis: a critical comparison

et al. 2018

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Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an utmost complex disease that is pathogenetically linked to pancreas-intrinsic ( e.g., duct obstruction), environmental-toxic ( e.g., alcohol, smoking), and genetic factors. Studying such a complex disease naturally requires validated experimental models. In the past 2 decades, the various animal models of CP usually addressed either the pancreas-intrinsic ( e.g., the caerulein model), the environmental-toxic ( e.g., diet-induced models), or the genetic component of CP. As such, these models were far from mirroring CP in its full spectrum, and the correct choice of models was vital for valid scientific conclusions on CP. The quest for mechanistic, genetic models gave rise to models based on gene modification and transgene insertion, such as the PRSS1 and the IL-1β/IL-1β models. Recently, we witnessed the development of highly exciting models that rely on the importance of autophagy in CP, that is, the murine pancreas-specific Atg5 and LAMP2 knockout models. Today, critical comparison of these several models is more important than ever for guiding research on CP in an efficient direction. The present review outlines the characteristics of the new genetic models in comparison with the well-known classic models for CP, notes the caveats in the choice of models, and also indicates novel directions for model development.-Klauss, S., Schorn, S., Teller, S., Steenfadt, H., Friess, H., Ceyhan, G. O., Demir, I. K. Genetically induced vs. classical animal models of chronic pancreatitis: a critical comparison.

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“…Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common disease of the exocrine pancreas in dogs 1 . It is characterized by a variety of clinical presenting signs, including hyporexia, weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of asymmetric dimethylarginine as an inflammatory and prognostic marker in dogs with acute pancreatitis

Gori

Pierini

Lippi

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been proposed as a severity marker in humans with acute pancreatitis (AP).Objectives: To evaluate ADMA in dogs with AP compared with healthy dogs and its association with severity of disease, mortality, and indicators of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), including serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, WBC count, and band neutrophils.Animals: Fifty-four dogs with AP and a control group (CG) of 28 healthy dogs.Methods: Cohort study including dogs with AP diagnosed using clinical and laboratory variables, abnormal canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) concentration, and compatible abdominal ultrasound examination findings performed within 48 hours of admission.Canine AP severity (CAPS) was calculated. Serum concentration of ADMA was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Blood donor-, staff-, and student-owned dogs were enrolled in the CG.Results: Dogs with AP had higher median admission serum ADMA concentrations compared with the CG (62 versus 48.5 μg/dL; P = .003). Dogs with CAPS ≥11 had higher serum ADMA concentrations than did dogs with CAPS <11 (92 versus 54.6 μg/dL P = .009). Univariable analysis for mortality, CAPS score, band neutrophils, CRP, and ADMA were included in multivariable logistic regression, in which only ADMA was associated with mortality (P = .02). Survivors had a significant decrease in ADMA at first reevaluation compared to admission (P = .02).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Because serum ADMA concentrations were higher in AP dogs compared with the CG, it may have value as a biomarker in the diagnosis of AP in dogs. In addition, because ADMA was associated with mortality, it may have prognostic value. canine, inflammation, pancreas, severityAbbreviations: ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; AP, acute pancreatitis; CAPS, canine acute pancreatitis severity; CG, control group; cPL, canine pancreatic lipase; CRP, C-reactive protein; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, nitric oxide species; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

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Pancreatitis in dogs and cats: definitions and pathophysiology

Cited by 69 publications

References 88 publications

Histopathological findings and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in normal dogs and dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the pancreas

Histopathological findings and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in normal dogs and dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the pancreas

Genetically inducedvs.classical animal models of chronic pancreatitis: a critical comparison

Evaluation of asymmetric dimethylarginine as an inflammatory and prognostic marker in dogs with acute pancreatitis

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