Pancreatic senescence and its clinical manifestations

Wang, Lu; Zheng, Songbai

doi:10.1002/agm2.12095

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The main pancreatic duct became slightly dilated. 8 It could be found that when observing human organs in the Opposed‐Phase T1 weighted sequence images, the tissue edges could be better displayed, which was convenient for description and measurement. MR technology was more sensitive in diagnosis of pancreatic cysts than computerized tomographic scan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of age‐related morphological changes in the pancreases of 226 Chinese

et al. 2021

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Objective To investigate the morphological changes with age in the pancreases of healthy individuals undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The participants were selected from adults who were undergoing physical examinations from January 2017 to September 2020 at Huadong Hospital. They were divided according to age, as broken down by decades into seven groups ranging from 20 to 29 years to ≥80 years of age. There were 30 to 35 cases for each decade. They were then divided into a young and middle‐aged group (<60 years of age) and an elderly group (≥60 years of age). The morphological characteristics of the pancreases of each participant in the group were measured on magnetic resonance images. The characteristics included the pancreatic anteroposterior diameters and volumes. The relationships between the anteroposterior diameters of the pancreatic head, body, and tail and pancreatic volume and age were analyzed. Results A total of 226 magnetic resonance images from 112 (49.56%) men and 114 (50.44%) women, aged 22–93 (54.68 ± 19.52) years. The age ranges of the seven groups consisted of the following: 20–29 years ( n = 33), 30–39 years ( n = 32), 40–49 years ( n = 32), 50–59 years ( n = 31), 60–69 years ( n = 35), 70–79 years ( n = 33) and ≥80 years ( n = 30). The age range and numbers of patients in the young and middle‐aged group was 22–59 (40.09 ± 10.88) years ( n = 128) and in the elderly group was 60–93 (73.74 ± 8.99) years ( n = 98). The MRI findings characteristic of aging included pancreatic atrophy (especially of the pancreatic tail), pancreatic lobulation, uneven signal intensity, fatty degeneration, and widening of the main pancreatic duct. The respective anteroposterior diameters of the pancreatic head, body, and tail and the pancreatic volumes peaked at 30 to 39 years as follows: 28.03 ± 4.45 mm, 24.10 ± 4.27 mm, 24.57 ± 4.94 mm, 98.54 ± 26.56 cm 3 ; and then gradually decreased to 19.05 ± 3.59 mm, 16.00 ± 3.81 mm, 13.83 ± 3.39 mm, 45.02 ± 9.15 cm 3 at ≥80 years, for respective decreases of 32.03%, 33.60%, 43.71%, and 54.31%. The respective anteroposterior diameters of the pancreatic head, body, tail, and pancreatic volume in the elderly patients were 21.45 ± 4.15 mm, 18.14 ± 4.09 mm, 16.81 ± 4.37 mm, and 59.02 ± 21.44 cm 3 , which were significantly smaller than the respective corresponding measurements in the young and middle‐aged patients (26.09 ± 4.40 mm, 22.30 ± 4.42 mm, 22.08 ± 4.53 mm, and 88.32 ± 23.92 cm 3 ). The differences were statistically significant (t = 8.06, 7.24, 8.79, 9.54, respectively, p < 0.001). The a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of age‐related morphological changes in the pancreases of 226 Chinese

et al. 2021

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“…Pancreatic volume reaches its maximum (~78.85 cm 3 ) in the third decade of life, and then pancreatic volume decreases with advancing age, reaching~57.35 cm 3 at the age of 70-80 years [90,92], while its hardness is increased [93], and the pancreatic ductal structure is dilated and shows a tendency to enlargement with advancing age [90,94]. An increased fibrosis around the acini, islets, and extracellular matrix is observed along with an apparent fatty infiltration [91,95,96]. At the ultrastructural level, several changes are observed with age, including mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization, and increased lipid droplets, lysosomes, and autophagosomes [91].…”

Section: Aging and Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging is accompanied by several changes in pancreatic structure and function [90,91]. Pancreatic volume reaches its maximum (~78.85 cm 3 ) in the third decade of life, and then pancreatic volume decreases with advancing age, reaching~57.35 cm 3 at the age of 70-80 years [90,92], while its hardness is increased [93], and the pancreatic ductal structure is dilated and shows a tendency to enlargement with advancing age [90,94].…”

Section: Aging and Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increased fibrosis around the acini, islets, and extracellular matrix is observed along with an apparent fatty infiltration [91,95,96]. At the ultrastructural level, several changes are observed with age, including mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization, and increased lipid droplets, lysosomes, and autophagosomes [91]. Downregulated islet cell function and decreased pancreatic exocrine function have been found in the elderly [90,91].…”

Section: Aging and Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the ultrastructural level, several changes are observed with age, including mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization, and increased lipid droplets, lysosomes, and autophagosomes [91]. Downregulated islet cell function and decreased pancreatic exocrine function have been found in the elderly [90,91]. This inadequate pancreatic enzyme secretion, as a result of degenerative processes and gland damage, could lead to increased dyspeptic symptoms in the elderly.…”

Section: Aging and Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer

Mollinedo

Gajate

2021

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly regulated by different signaling routes that involve a variety of subcellular organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress acts as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and death. Pancreatic cells exhibit high hormone and enzyme secretory functions, and thereby show a highly developed ER. Thus, pancreatic cancer cells display a prominent ER. Solid tumors have to cope with adverse situations in which hypoxia, lack of certain nutrients, and the action of certain antitumor agents lead to a complex interplay and crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy—the latter acting as an adaptive survival response. ER stress also mediates cell death induced by a number of anticancer drugs and experimental conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of ER stress in modulating cell fate. The alkylphospholipid analog prototype edelfosine is selectively taken up by tumor cells, accumulates in the ER of a number of human solid tumor cells—including pancreatic cancer cells—and promotes apoptosis through a persistent ER-stress-mediated mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we discuss and propose that direct ER targeting may be a promising approach in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, opening up a new avenue for the treatment of this currently incurable and deadly cancer. Furthermore, because autophagy acts as a cytoprotective response to ER stress, potentiation of the triggering of a persistent ER response by combination therapy, together with the use of autophagy blockers, could improve the current gloomy expectations for finding a cure for this type of cancer.

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Gastrointestinal Physiology and Aging

Pitchumoni

2021

Geriatric Gastroenterology

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Pancreatic senescence and its clinical manifestations

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of age‐related morphological changes in the pancreases of 226 Chinese

Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of age‐related morphological changes in the pancreases of 226 Chinese

Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer

Gastrointestinal Physiology and Aging

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