Pancreatic polypeptide in obese children before and after weight loss

Abstract

Objective: Little is known concerning pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in weight loss and in childhood obesity. Methods: Fasting PP, leptin and insulin concentrations were determined in 38 obese children and compared with 35 lean children of the same age, gender and pubertal stage. Furthermore, changes of PP concentrations over a 1-year period were analyzed in the obese children participating in a weight loss intervention program. Results: Obese children had significantly (Po0.01) lower PP, and higher leptin and insulin levels compared to lean children. In multiple linear regression analysis, PP was significantly negatively correlated to body mass index (Po0.01), but not to leptin, insulin, age, gender and pubertal stage. Changes of PP did not significantly correlate to changes of insulin (r ¼ 0.07, P ¼ 0.343) and leptin (r ¼ À0.02, P ¼ 0.459). The substantial weight loss in 17 children led to a significant (Po0.05) increase in PP and decrease in insulin and leptin. In the 21 children without substantial weight loss, there were no significant changes in PP, insulin and leptin. Conclusions: PP concentrations are decreased in obese children and independent of age, gender, pubertal stage, leptin and insulin. The decrease of PP in obese children normalized after weight loss. Therefore, low PP concentrations reflect the overweight status, rather than cause it.

Roles of Gastrointestinal and Adipose Tissue Peptides in Childhood Obesity and Changes After Weight Loss Due to Lifestyle Intervention

“…25 Yet, the changes in PP concentrations did not significantly correlate to changes of insulin and leptin concentrations. 25 Amylin is a 37-amino acid polypeptide synthesized and released together with insulin by the pancreatic beta cells 15 Reinehr et al, 16 Verdich et al, 17 24 Laimer et al, 28 in response to nutritional input and contributes to glycemic and appetite control (Table). 26,76 Amylin is a satiety peptide, causing a reduction of the meal size and inhibition of gastric emptying.…”

“…75 Changes in PP levels and their relation to the anorexigenic hormones insulin and leptin were studied in Obeldicks. 25 At baseline, obese subjects had lower PP concentrations compared with lean controls. 25 Following lifestyle intervention, PP concentrations significantly increased and tended to normalize in the children who achieved substantial weight loss in comparison with children who did not lose weight.…”

“…25 At baseline, obese subjects had lower PP concentrations compared with lean controls. 25 Following lifestyle intervention, PP concentrations significantly increased and tended to normalize in the children who achieved substantial weight loss in comparison with children who did not lose weight. 25 Yet, the changes in PP concentrations did not significantly correlate to changes of insulin and leptin concentrations.…”

“…25 Following lifestyle intervention, PP concentrations significantly increased and tended to normalize in the children who achieved substantial weight loss in comparison with children who did not lose weight. 25 Yet, the changes in PP concentrations did not significantly correlate to changes of insulin and leptin concentrations. 25 Amylin is a 37-amino acid polypeptide synthesized and released together with insulin by the pancreatic beta cells 15 Reinehr et al, 16 Verdich et al, 17 24 Laimer et al, 28 in response to nutritional input and contributes to glycemic and appetite control (Table).…”

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) gene and association with severe obesity in French white subjects

“…PPY administration in humans also leads to a sustained decrease in both appetite and food intake [33]. However, it has been demonstrated that low levels of PPY in obese children normalise after weight loss, suggesting that levels of PPY may reflect the overweight status rather than cause it [34]. These observations indicate that PPY may be involved in the regulation of energy balance and possibly the aetiology of obesity.…”