Pancreatic peptides

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1(7–36) amide is a new incretin/enterogastrone candidate

“…Mammalian proglucagon exhibits several pairs of dibasic amino acid residues which are potential processing sites for enzymes [8]. In the A-cell of the pancreas proglucagon is predominantly processed into proglucagon( 1-30) (also called glicentin-related pancreatic peptide (GRPP) [9]), proglucagon which is identical with glucagon, the hexapeptide proglucagon (64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69) [ 101 and the carboxy-terminal fragment proglucagon (72-l58) [ 1 I]. The carboxyterminal fragment contains the sequences of glucagonlike peptide-I and glucagon-like peptide-2 but is not further processed in the pancreas [I 13 (Fig.…”

“…In contrast, fish GLPs were reported to stimulate glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis [65-691. These actions were found to be very variable depending on season and fish species (66)(67)(68)(69)(70). As known so far, preproglucagonderived peptides in several species of elasmobranch, holostean and teleostean fishes contain only one GLP corresponding mainly to GLP-l [66,71].…”

Physiology of fish endocrine pancreas

“…Fish glucagons are very similar to each other. Mammalian and salmon glucagons differ at 8 amino acid residues (Plisetskaya 1989). In contrast to insulin, fish glucagon can be measured in mammalian RIAs (Gutierrez et al 1986), because antisera raised against the mammalian peptide crossreact fully with fish glucagons.…”

“…Newly developed techniques of protein chemistry have made possible rapid isolation and purification of pancreatic peptides, as well as their sequencing. As a result, the major pancreatic hormones, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic peptide, were isolated from the islet tissue of representative cyclostomes, elasmobranchs, holostean and teleostean fishes (Conlon 1989;Plisetskaya 1989). However, only the pancreatic hormones of the Pacific coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus) and some hormones of the catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), supplemented by several commercial preparations of fish insulins from Japanese and American companies, are now available for experimental use.…”