Pancreatic lipase and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2, but not pancreatic lipase-related protein 1, hydrolyze retinyl palmitate in physiological conditions

Reboul, Emmanuelle; Berton, Amélie; Moussa, Myriam; Kreuzer, Corinne; Crenon, Isabelle; Borel, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.12.013

Cited by 77 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The murine genes encoding pancreatic-related protein 2 ( mPlrp2 ) and procolipase ( mClps ) are expressed specifically in the pancreas to hydrolyze fat and retinyl esters in the diet ( 19 ). Our recent studies demonstrate that a reduction in light illumination results in upregulated expression of mPlrp2 and mClps in the mouse liver ( 20 ), and that the light-modulated all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) signal plays a key role in the regulation of the expression of these genes ( 21 ).…”

Section: Plasma Retinol Analysis By Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mPlrp2 and mClps genes are involved in the hydrolysis of retinyl esters in the mouse liver

Pang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2011

Journal of Lipid Research

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org version to active-form retinoic acid, which interacts with the nuclear receptors of the RXR and RAR families, functioning as hormone-activated factors in the regulation of the expression of multiple genes ( 1, 2 ). Also, vitamin A mediates vision cycles through its metabolite, 11-cis retinaldehyde, which is the active chromophore in rhodopsin ( 3, 4 ). Most of the retinoids in the body are accounted for by the retinyl esters stored in the liver ( 5, 6 ). The formation and hydrolysis of retinyl esters are key reactions for maintaining a constant concentration of free retinol in circulation. It has been demonstrated that lecithin:retinol acyltransferase and acylCoA:retinol acyltransferase contribute to the storage of retinoids by the conversion of circulatory free retinol to retinyl esters ( 7,8 ). The enzymes catalyzing the reverse reaction, designated retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), promote the liberation of retinol from stored retinyl esters in the liver into general circulation. Mice fed a vitamin A-defi cient diet for 6 weeks decreased the hepatic retinyl esters ( 9 ), and in vitamin A-defi cient rats, the liver uptake of retinol from blood was obviously impaired ( 10 ). However, the identity, function, and regulation of hepatic enzymes potentially involved in catalyzing the hydrolysis of retinyl esters remain unclear ( 11,12 ).The bile salt-activated carboxylester lipase, an enzyme found in the pancreas and liver cells of several mammalian species, was thought to be the main hepatic REH ( 13 ). Mice defi cient in carboxylester lipase exhibit normal levels of intestinal and hepatic uptake of retinyl esters and maintain REH activity in the liver and pancreas, suggesting that in the mouse liver and pancreas, there is an REH distinct from carboxylester lipase ( 14 ).

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Section: Plasma Retinol Analysis By Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mPlrp2 and mClps genes are involved in the hydrolysis of retinyl esters in the mouse liver

Pang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2011

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Phospholipids Galactolipids Esters of vitamin A Berton & al., 2009Thirstrup & al., 1994Sias & al., 2004Reboul & al., 2006 Carboxyl ester lipase Verheij & al., 1983 Abbreviations: HPL, human pancreatic lipase; TG, triglycerides Table 2. Human pancreatic enzymes involved in lipid digestion…”

Section: Enzyme Name Substrate Specificity Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pancreatic lipase-related 2 protein (hPLRP2), with a broader substrate specificity, hydrolyzes milk triglycerides (Berton & al., 2009) phospholipids (Jayne & al., 2002;Lowe, 2002;Thirstrup & al., 1994) galactolipids (Sias & al., 2004) and esters of lipid-soluble vitamins (Reboul & al., 2006). Carboxyl ester lipase (also called bile salt-stimulated lipase, On a weight basis, the ratio of pancreatic lipase to gastric lipase total secretory outputs was found to be around four after 3 hours of digestion.…”

Section: Human Dietary Lipid Digestion Process and Regulation Of Pancmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Approaches for the Treatment of Fat Malabsorption Due to Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

Turki¹,

Kallel²

2012

New Advances in the Basic and Clinical Gastroenterology

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“…Retinyl esters can be hydrolysed within the intestinal lumen by non-specific pancreatic enzymes, such as pancreatic triglyceride lipase and cholesteryl ester hydrolase, or at the mucosal cell surface by a brush border retinyl ester hydrolase (Erlanson and Borgstrom, 1968;Rigtrup and Ong, 1992;Rigtrup et al, 1994;van Bennekum et al, 2000;Reboul et al, 2006).…”

Section: Intestinal Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin A

Products¹

2015

EFSA Journal

125

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies derived Dietary Reference Values for vitamin A. The Panel considered that a concentration of 20 µg retinol/g liver can be used as a target for establishing the Average Requirement (AR) for vitamin A. In the absence of a better characterisation of the relationship between vitamin A intake and liver stores, a factorial approach was applied. This approach considered a total body/liver retinol store ratio of 1.25, a liver/body weight ratio of 2.4 %, a fractional catabolic rate of body retinol of 0.7 % per day, an efficiency of storage in the whole body for ingested retinol of 50 % and reference weights for women and men in the EU of 58.5 and 68.1 kg, respectively. ARs of 570 µg retinol equivalent (RE)/day for men and 490 µg RE/day for women were derived. Assuming a coefficient of variation (CV) of 15 %, Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) of 750 µg RE/day for men and 650 µg RE/day for women were set. For infants aged 7-11 months and children, the same equation as for adults was applied by using specific values for reference weight and liver/body weight ratio. For catabolic rate, the adult value corrected on the basis of a growth factor was used. ARs range from 190 µg RE/day in infants aged 7-11 months to 580 µg RE/day in boys aged 15-17 years. PRIs for infants and children were estimated using a CV of 15 % and range from 250 to 750 µg RE/day. For pregnancy and lactation, additional vitamin A requirements related to the accumulation of retinol in fetal and maternal tissues and transfer of retinol into breast milk were considered and PRIs of 700 and 1 300 µg RE/day, respectively, were set. Vitamin A is involved in vision as retinal, which plays a central role in the mechanisms of phototransduction, and in the systemic maintenance of the growth and integrity of cells in body tissues through the action of retinoic acid, which acts as regulator of genomic expression. The most specific clinical consequence of vitamin A deficiency is xerophthalmia, which encompasses a clinical spectrum of ocular manifestations. In low-income countries, vitamin A deficiency in young infants and children has been associated with increased infectious morbidity and mortality, including respiratory infection and diarrhoea. © EuropeanPreformed vitamin A is efficiently absorbed (70-90 %). The absorption of β-carotene appears to be highly variable (5-65 %), depending on food-and diet-related factors, genetic characteristics and the health status of the subject. The intestine is the primary tissue where dietary provitamin A carotenoids are converted to retinol. Retinol, in the form of retinyl esters, and provitamin A carotenoids enter the body as a component of nascent chylomicrons secreted into the lymphatic system. Most dietary retinol (in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants) is taken up by the liver, which is the major site of retinol metabolism and storage. Hepatic retinyl esters are hydrolysed to free retinol, and delivered to ti...

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Pancreatic lipase and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2, but not pancreatic lipase-related protein 1, hydrolyze retinyl palmitate in physiological conditions

Cited by 77 publications

References 28 publications

The mPlrp2 and mClps genes are involved in the hydrolysis of retinyl esters in the mouse liver

The mPlrp2 and mClps genes are involved in the hydrolysis of retinyl esters in the mouse liver

Emerging Approaches for the Treatment of Fat Malabsorption Due to Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin A

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