Pancreatic glucagon signals postprandial satiety

Geary, Nori

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80042-9

Cited by 89 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Rate of gastric emptying and gastric distension, delay in nutrient±receptor contact in the small intestine, levels of circulating nutrients, insulin, glucagon and cholecystokinin, and oxidation of macronutrients are known to be related to satiety (Stubbs, 1995;Read et al, 1994;Koopmans et al, 1991;Holt & Miller, 1995;Geary, 1990;Peikin, 1989). Varying the quality of dietary protein may affect some of the intermediate physiological processes: digestion, gastric emptying and the composition of intestinal ef¯uents (Mahe Â et al, 1996;Baglieri et al, 1995), rate of amino acid absorption and digestion (Re Ârat, 1993;Collin-Vidal et al, 1994), plasma and brain amino acid concentrations and pattern (Anderson et al, 1994;Uhe et al,1992), and insulin and glucagon releases (Nutall & Gannon, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying the protein source in mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, has weak effects on subjective satiety and fails to affect food intake

et al. 1999

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Objective: To evaluate the in¯uence of three dietary protein types (casein, gelatin, soy protein) on satiety and food intake, at two levels of loading (total energy of test meals: 3.6 or 1.8 MJ). Design: The study employed a repeated measures design. Test meals were controlled for energy, macronutrients, ®ber and palatability, and contained about 23% energy as protein (of which about 65% was experimentally manipulated). Postprandial subjective satiety and hunger, plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were assessed for 8 h, and energy and macronutrient intakes were monitored for 24 h. Subjects: Nine healthy normal-weight men. Results: No effect of the type of protein on 24 h energy and macronutrient intakes was observed despite a signi®cant effect of protein source on the kinetics of peripheral metabolic responses (but only after 3.6 MJ lunches), and inconsistent effects on subjective hunger and satiety responses A casein-enriched lunch delayed glucose and insulin responses for 1.5 h, compared with soy protein, probably due to a lag in gastric emptying. Conclusion: Varying the protein source in a mixed meal modi®es glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, but these variations in satiety-implicated factors have inconsistent effects on subjective satiety and fail to affect food intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying the protein source in mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, has weak effects on subjective satiety and fails to affect food intake

et al. 1999

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“…The release of anorexigenic neuroendocrine hormones such as glucagon, amylin 449 CCK and PYY from the gastrointestinal tract after a meal is considered to play a key 450 role in meal-ending satiation [10], but their role in reduced eating at high altitude is 451 less clear. Results for glucagon are contradictory; whereas an animal study in rats 452 demonstrated increased glucagon secretion under hypoxic conditions (simulated 453 altitude of 5000 m) [6], a human study found decreased concentrations at high 454 altitudes (7134 meters) [5].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Hormones 448mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbed eating at high altitude: influence of food preferences, acute mountain sickness and satiation hormones

et al. 2012

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PURPOSE: Hypoxia has been shown to reduce energy intake and lead to weight loss, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The aim was therefore to assess changes in eating after rapid ascent to 4,559 m and to investigate to what extent hypoxia, acute mountain sickness (AMS), food preferences and satiation hormones influence eating behavior. METHODS: Participants (n = 23) were studied at near sea level (Zurich (ZH), 446 m) and on two days after rapid ascent to Capanna Margherita (MG) at 4,559 m (MG2 and MG4). Changes in appetite, food preferences and energy intake in an ad libitum meal were assessed. Plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, gastrin, glucagon and amylin were measured. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) was monitored, and AMS assessed using the Lake Louis score. RESULTS: Energy intake from the ad libitum meal was reduced on MG2 compared to ZH (643 ± 308 vs. 952 ± 458 kcal, p = 0.001), but was similar to ZH on MG4 (890 ± 298 kcal). Energy intake on all test days was correlated with hunger/satiety scores prior to the meal and AMS scores on MG2 but not with SpO(2) on any of the 3 days. Liking for high-fat foods before a meal predicted subsequent energy intake on all days. None of the satiation hormones showed significant differences between the 3 days. CONCLUSION: Reduced energy intake after rapid ascent to high altitude is associated with AMS severity. This effect was not directly associated with hypoxia or changes in gastrointestinal hormones. Other peripheral and central factors appear to reduce food intake at high altitude. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0366-9Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-62402 Accepted Version Originally published at: Aeberli, Isabelle; Erb, Annina; Spliethoff, Kerstin; Meier, Daniela; Götze, Oliver; Frühauf, Heiko; Fox, Mark; Finlayson, Graham S; Gassmann, Max; Berneis, Kaspar; Maggiorini, Marco; Langhans, Wolfgang; Lutz, Thomas A (2013). Disturbed eating at high altitude: influence of food preferences, acute mountain sickness and satiation hormones. European Journal of Nutrition, 52 (2) Purpose Hypoxia has been shown to reduce energy intake and lead to weight loss, 36 but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The aim was therefore, to assess 37 changes in eating after rapid ascent to 4559 m and to investigate to what extent 38 hypoxia, acute mountain sickness (AMS), food preferences, and satiation hormones 39 influence eating behavior. 40Methods Participants (n=23) were studied at near sea level (Zurich (ZH), 446 m) and 41 on two days after rapid ascent to Capanna Margherita (MG) at 4559 m (MG2 and 42 MG4). Changes in appetite, food preferences and energy intake in an ad libitum meal 43were assessed. Plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, 44 gastrin, glucagon and amylin were measured. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) 45 was monitored and AMS assessed using the Lake Louis score. 46Results Energy intake from the ad...

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“…Despite hyperglucagonemia, other murine glucagonomas are not associated with severe anorexia (1,2), although a prominent weight loss may be seen in the glucagonoma syndrome in humans (10). In addition, several reports have been demonstrating a minor, but direct, postprandial satiety effect of glucagon treatment (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent inhibitory effects of transplantable rat glucagonomas and insulinomas on the respective endogenous islet cells are associated with pancreatic apoptosis.

Blume¹,

Skouv²,

Larsson³

et al. 1995

J. Clin. Invest.

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Effects of transplantable rat insulinomas (IN) and glucagonomas (GLU) on the endogenous pancreas were analyzed using morphometry, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and staining for apoptotic cells. Hyperinsulinemia (IN-rats) and hyper-GLP-1/glucagonemia (GLU-rats) were both associated with marked islet atrophy (67 and 76% of control average planimetrical islet area, respectively). Selective islet B cell inhibition of proinsulin (I and II) genes as well as of expression of the insulin gene transcription factor, IPF1/STF1, was found in IN-rats. Moreover, these islets were characterized by significant B cells apoptosis in the absence of infiltrating lymphocytes. In GLU-rats selective islet A cell inhibition was observed at the level of glucagon mRNA. These islets contained small, highly condensed but clearly active B cells with prominent IPF1/STF1-positive nuclei, surrounded by densely packed glucagon-negative cells with reduced cytoplasm. Furthermore, an active apoptotic process was found exclusively in the exocrine pancreas of GLU-rats. Thus, in IN-rats, islet B cell mass reduction is distinguished by non-immune-mediated programmed cell death, while GLU-rats exhibit A cell mass reduction by cytoplasmic retraction and selective exocrine apoptosis. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995. 96:2227-2235

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Pancreatic glucagon signals postprandial satiety

Cited by 89 publications

References 145 publications

Varying the protein source in mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, has weak effects on subjective satiety and fails to affect food intake

Varying the protein source in mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, has weak effects on subjective satiety and fails to affect food intake

Disturbed eating at high altitude: influence of food preferences, acute mountain sickness and satiation hormones

Potent inhibitory effects of transplantable rat glucagonomas and insulinomas on the respective endogenous islet cells are associated with pancreatic apoptosis.

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