Pancreatic Endocrine Insufficiency

Challenges of Managing Type 3c Diabetes in the Context of Pancreatic Resection, Cancer and Trauma

“…While early and periodic screening for DM with CP is recommended, the same is also critical for non-diabetic patients with CP as they are strongly predisposed to T3cDM [6]. Patients diagnosed with CP without DM exhibit an extended glucose tolerance curve, and once diagnosed with CP, 40% of patients exhibit early-onset DM [108].…”

“…AP is categorized into mild, moderate, and severe forms, with severe AP leading to a greater incidence of new onset DM than mild AP [5]. However, there is a disparity regarding the extent to which AP severity affects T3cDM development [6]. On the other hand, patients diagnosed with CP have a 70% likelihood of developing secondary DM, with its incidence increasing to 90% in patients with calcific CP [7].…”

“…The initial diagnosis for T3cDM is like that of T1DM and T2DM but differentiating it from the latter two is more complicated [7,15]. While T1DM is autoimmune-mediated and beta cell specific [6], T3cDM clinical presentation can be heterogeneous, exhibiting several conditions marked by varying levels of endocrine and exocrine impairments [7]. Likewise, studies indicate that patients with T3cDM have a reduced body mass index and are devoid of features linked to the metabolic syndrome associated with T2DM [16].…”