“…17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 These studies demonstrated that the frequency of PC concomitant with IPMN ranged from 1.1% to 11.2%. As for branch duct IPMN, two working groups of JPS reported that seven PC cases were detected in 349 branch duct IPMN cases during the follow‐up period,17 and that PC concomitant with IPMN may be diagnosed earlier than ordinary PC 18. These observations suggest that patients with IPMN or pancreatic cysts should be carefully observed as having premalignant disease of PC.…”