Pancreatic duct diameter: Sonographic measurement in normal subjects

Hadidi, Ali

doi:10.1002/jcu.1870110105

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Ultrasonic measurements of normal pancreatic duct diameter have been performed by different authors [4][5][6][7][8]. The duct diameters generally ranged from 1 to a maximum of 3 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duct diameters generally ranged from 1 to a maximum of 3 mm. Differences in calculated averages resulted from measuring in different regions of the organ, because the pancreatic duct diameter decreases from head to tail of the pancreas [2,5]. Yet, the age of the subjects concerned was not sufficiently taken into account in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On ultrasonography, the normal pancreatic duct is visible in more than 90% of all subjects examined. As a result of modern technical equipment, the measurement of the pancreatic duct caliber can be performed with a high accuracy, leading to a remarkable correlation between ultrasonic measurement results and anatomical findings [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pancreas and Aging: A Study Using Ultrasonography

Glaser

Stienecker

2000

Gerontology

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Background: The pancreas undergoes a continuous aging process leading to alterations such as atrophy, fatty infiltration and fibrosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the normal ultrasonic aspect of the pancreas and any relationship to age with special regard to pancreatic echogenicity and pancreatic duct diameter. Methods: In the study on pancreatic echogenicity 131 patients (56 male, 75 female), aged 18–92 (median 52) years, with normal weight were examined prospectively. The echogenicity of the pancreas was compared with the normal liver and divided into four different categories. The prospective investigation into any age relationship of pancreatic duct diameter was performed on 101 patients (44 male, 57 female), ages 18–91 (median 53) years, with normal weight. In both studies, the patients were split into seven age groups. For statistical analysis the chi-square test for independence was used. Results: With advancing age, ultrasonography demonstrated an increasing echogenicity of the pancreas, beginning in the 4th decade of life. Most patients over 50 years, and all patients over 80 had a marked echogenicity, distinctly higher than that found in the liver. The mean pancreatic duct diameter of all patients in the second study was 1.9 mm. Younger subjects had a smaller diameter – average 1.5 mm in the group 18–29 years – but with advancing age a distinct duct enlargement was observed: mean 1.9 mm in the group 40–49 years, mean 2.3 mm in patients over 80 years, but not exceeding 3 mm. Conclusion: On ultrasonography, the aging process of the pancreas leads to an increase of echogenicity. In the aged, a very high echogenicity is a normal ultrasonic finding. The pancreatic duct diameter also increases with advancing age. Even in advanced age, a diameter of more than 3 mm, however, should be regarded as a pathological finding.

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“…Ultrasonic measurements of normal pancreatic duct diameter have been performed by different authors [4][5][6][7][8]. The duct diameters generally ranged from 1 to a maximum of 3 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pancreas and Aging: A Study Using Ultrasonography

Glaser

Stienecker

2000

Gerontology

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“…The diameters of the main pancreatic duct was measured in the head, body and tail and mean ductal diameters were reported by Varley et al [13] as 3.1,2.0 and 0.9 mm in the head, body and tail of the pancreas respectively. Hadid A [14] got the same as 3mm in the head, 2.1 and 1.6 mm in the body proximal to and distal to the neck respectively. Kang et al [10] analyzed pancreatograms and got the diameter of the pancreatic duct as 3.3 0.8 mm in the head, 2.4 ± 0.5 mm in the body and 1.5 ± 0.5 mm in the tail portion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This difference concludes that establishing normal ranges of the pancreatic duct width may help in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. Hadid A [14] had not reported diameter of the tail of MPD as the study was ultra sound based. The tail of the pancreas is very difficult to be identified on ultrasound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the Duct System of Pancreas: A Cadaveric Study

Govindraj¹,

Shabna²

2017

IJAR

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Background: Recently there has been growing interest in the duct system of pancreas as concerns its relationship with various disease processes as well as newer investigatory and treatment modalities related to them.This study has been aimed at evaluating the anatomy of the pancreatic duct system, thus identifying the variants to improve our knowledge of it and make things easier. The pancreas is formed by the fusion of the ventral and dorsal anlage, and a wide spectrum of anomalies or anatomical variations may appear related to this complicated process of fusion: e.g., agenesis, aplasia of a pancreatic anlage, hypoplasia, annular pancreas, pancreas divisum or nonfusion of the ventral and dorsal duct system, pancreaticobiliary maljunction, etc. Every endoscopist who engages in pancreatography or related diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should always be aware of all sorts of anatomical variations he or she might encounter.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Based Tracking and Navigation of Submillimeter‐Scale Wireless Magnetic Robots

Tiryaki

Sitti

2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners have recently been used for magnetic actuation of robots for minimally invasive medical operations. Due to MRI's high soft‐tissue selectivity, it is possible to obtain 3D images of hard‐to‐reach cavities in the human body, where the wireless miniature magnetic robots powered by MRI could be employed for high‐precision targeted operations, such as drug delivery, stem cell therapy, and hyperthermia. However, the state‐of‐the‐art fast magnetic robot‐tracking methods in MRI are limited above millimeter‐size scale, which restricts the potential target regions inside the human body. Herein, a fast 1D projection‐based MRI approach that can track magnetic particles down to 300 μm diameter (1.17 × 10−2 emu) is reported. The technique reduces the trackable magnetic particle size in MRI‐powered navigation fivefold compared with the previous fast‐tracking methods. A closed‐loop MRI‐powered navigation with 0.78 ± 0.03 mm trajectory‐following accuracy in millimeter‐sized in vitro 2D channels and a 3D cavity setup using the tracking method is demonstrated. Furthermore, the feasibility of submillimeter magnetic robot tracking in ex vivo pig kidneys (N = 2) with a 3.6 ± 1.1 mm accuracy is demonstrated. Such a fast submillimeter‐scale mobile robot‐tracking approach can unlock new opportunities in minimally invasive medical operations.

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Pancreatic duct diameter: Sonographic measurement in normal subjects

Cited by 62 publications

References 17 publications

Pancreas and Aging: A Study Using Ultrasonography

Pancreas and Aging: A Study Using Ultrasonography

Variations in the Duct System of Pancreas: A Cadaveric Study

Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Based Tracking and Navigation of Submillimeter‐Scale Wireless Magnetic Robots

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