Pancasila Education : Jargon for its Improvement New Order Government

Abstract

This study analyses how the beginning period of New Order performed its duties in liner with a vision of development that upheld Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. In his speech in 1969 before the member of Temporary People's Consultative Assembly, Presiden Soeharto declared education development as one of major priority in Indonesia's First Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita I). However, after the representative of People's Consultative Assembly elected in General Election 1971, it was declared that the objective of national development was to shape a true Pancasilaist to change the deep influence of Manipol/Usdek doctrine. To meet this objective in education development, some innovation are made: curriculum of school pilot project (PPSP) and school pamong system. Both policies failed to progress because it were too costly. Malari Incident and Bandung Student protest in 1974 prompted the government to issue policy that emphasis Pancasila Education for all levels of school to encourage nationalism that was assumed low among young generation. In this purpose, the government provide Pendidikan Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa (PSPB) and Pedoman Penghayatan and Pengamalan Pancasila (P4) for student in all level of education in Indonesia. this study discusses how pancasila became the slogan for the New Order government. this study uses historical methods with heuristic steps, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The writing of this study uses the structural approach of an Giddens. The results of this study conclude that the New Order government became repressive of the demonstration that was done initially by the Bandung students before the Japanese Prime Minister's arrival to cause Malari incident (January 15, 1974) and continued until early 1986. The government then responded by requiring Pancasila Education which consisting of PMP, P4 and PSPB included in the basic education curriculum up to college.