Pancake kidney: A rare developmental anomaly

Abstract

There are many developmental anomalies of the kidney. Pancake kidney is one of the rarest types of renal ectopia. We report a case of pancake kidney which was detected incidentally while treating a female patient for a urinary tract infection. Although urinary system anomalies often coexist with malformations of other organs and systems, no associated anomalies could be detected in this case. Pancake kidney is usually managed by surgery, but this case was managed conservatively without any complication.

Pancake Kidney With Obstructed Moiety: A Rare Renal Fusion Anomaly

“…In the literature, most cases describe a conservative management of incidental diagnosed PK 3, 4, 9 on asymptomatic patients or during other surgical intervention 10 . What makes our case even more interesting is left-sided duplication and the right-sided distal ureteral obstruction resulting in chronic pain that was resolved by the surgical management of this condition.…”

“…Each collecting system drain its respective half of the kidney and does not communicate with the opposite site 2 . Some case reports were described in the literature, most of them as an incidental finding with conservative management,3, 4 but no case report was found of a PK with a distal ureteral obstruction causing hydroureter and pain requiring surgical intervention.…”

Pancake kidney with bladder herniation

“…Pancake kidney is very rare type of congenital fusion anomaly of the kidney. It is described as a renal mass located in the pelvis which is formed by complete medial fusion of renal parenchyma without intervening septum ( 1 ). Each kidney has its own collecting system and anteriorly placed short ureters entering the bladder orthotopically ( 1 ).…”

“…It is described as a renal mass located in the pelvis which is formed by complete medial fusion of renal parenchyma without intervening septum ( 1 ). Each kidney has its own collecting system and anteriorly placed short ureters entering the bladder orthotopically ( 1 ). The presence of a pancake kidney may predispose the formation of stones due to the probable rotation anomaly of the collecting system and short ureters which are prone to stasis and obstruction.…”

“…The presence of a pancake kidney may predispose the formation of stones due to the probable rotation anomaly of the collecting system and short ureters which are prone to stasis and obstruction. Patients with pancake kidney are usually asymptomatic, but may present with features of urinary tract infection, fever and vague lower abdominal pain ( 1 ). If a pancake kidney has to undergo surgery, division of the parenchyma presents potential problems such as renal vascular damage, postoperative renal failure and eventual renal failure ( 2 ).…”