Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a consensus view

Ferrie, Colin D.; Caraballo, Roberto; Covanis, Athanasios; Demirbilek, Veysi; Dervent, Ayşın; Kivity, Sara; Koutroumanidis, Michael; Martinović, Žarko; Oguni, Hirokazu; Verrotti, Alberto; Vigevano, Federico; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Yalcin, Despina; Yoshinaga, Harami

doi:10.1017/s0012162206000508

Cited by 156 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…One patient who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of BECTS but who had seizure onset at 2 years and 6 months of age was exceptionally included in the BECTS group. The diagnostic criteria of PS included seizures with predominantly autonomic, particularly emetic, symptoms that were often prolonged, prone to occur during sleep, and started at 1–14 years of age, and EEG spikes with variable or multiple foci, often with occipital predominance 10. Patients who had intellectual deficit (IQ < 70), neurologic deficit, and/or any lesions in the brain parenchyma in neuroimaging were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on spike focus dependence of high‐frequency activity in idiopathic focal epilepsy in childhood

et al. 2016

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SummaryObjectiveSpike foci in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) are related to seizure semiologies, but this relationship is inconspicuous in Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS). We analyzed spike‐associated high‐frequency activity (HFA) and its relationship to spike foci in the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of patients with BECTS and PS in order to elucidate the pathophysiology of these epileptic syndromes.MethodsIn 35 patients with BECTS and 29 with PS, focal spikes in scalp sleep EEGs were first classified by clustering according to their characteristics, including shape and distribution. For each patient, three or fewer spike clusters were investigated by time‐frequency spectral analysis and single‐dipole analysis using a realistic three‐dimensional head model to explore the relationships between the presence or absence of spike‐associated HFA and the distribution of estimated spike sources.ResultsA total of 159 spike clusters were analyzed (96 in BECTS and 63 in PS). HFA was detected in 73 spike clusters (76.0%) in BECTS and 37 (58.7%) in PS, with a significant difference in the proportion of spike clusters with HFA (p = 0.024 by Fisher's exact test). In BECTS, spikes had relatively uniform distributions, but the proportion of spikes with associated HFA was significantly higher in the spike group with dipoles in the perirolandic areas (42 of 49) than in that with dipoles outside of the perirolandic areas (23 of 36; p = 0.037). In PS, The proportion of spikes with associated HFA was significantly higher in the spike group with dipoles in the occipital lobes (20 of 26) than in that with dipoles outside of the occipital lobes (13 of 33; p = 0.020).SignificanceThe proportion of spike‐associated HFA was higher in BECTS than in PS. Particular pathophysiological meaning was indicated in spikes with dipoles in the perirolandic areas in BECTS and in spikes with dipoles in the occipital lobes in PS owing to the high proportions of spike‐associated HFA in these areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on spike focus dependence of high‐frequency activity in idiopathic focal epilepsy in childhood

et al. 2016

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“…Other autonomic manifestations, such as pallor, nausea, and retching are also characteristic of the syndrome 5,10,11 . These autonomic signs and symptoms were not recognized before, because physicians failed to evaluate the features in detail, and parents reported only the most remarkable signs, such as motor manifestations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Türk Çocuklarında İdiopatik Çocukluk Çağı Oksipital Lob Epilepsisi

İncecik¹,

Hergüner²,

Mert³

et al. 2015

Cukurova Medical Journal

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Purpose: Two forms of idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsy can be distinguished: an early onset or Panayiotopoulos type (PS), and a late onset or Gastaut type (GS). The aim of this study was to identify clinical manifestations and outcome in Turkish children with idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsy. Material and Methods: Thirty nine children (27 boys, 12 girls) were divided into the PS and GS type, according to the classification for epileptic seizures of the International League Against Epilepsy. Results: Among the 39 patients, 27 (69.3%) were boys and 12 (30.7%) were girls and the mean age at the seizure onset was 77.38 ± 27.33 months (36-145 months). The PS type patients consisted of 27 children (19 boys, 8 girls). The average age of seizure onset in PS type patients was 60.76 ± 14.21 months (range, 36-94 months). The GS type patients consisted of 12 children (8 boys, 4 girls), and seizure onset was 107.7 ± 18.8 months (range, 72-145 months).Ictal vomiting was more common in the PS type patients, and visual symptoms were more common in the GS type patients. We detected that after treatment, 27 patients (100%) in PS type and 10 patients (83.3%) in GS type became seizures-free. Two patients continued having seizures in GS type. Conclusions: The average age of seizure onset was much younger in the PS than in the GS. Also, in idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsy, the PS type has better seizure-free and prognosis than the GS.

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“…All the patients had a history of seizures with prominent autonomic manifestations (Table 1) and expressed the major features of the syndrome as set forth in a recent consensus view (Ferrie et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the relatively easy recognition of clinical symptoms (Ferrie et al, 2006), the highly variable characteristics of the interictal EEG activity have prevented the determination of a consistent localization for the epileptic focus (Panayiotopoulos, 2002). Such variability has even suggested to some researchers that a generalized hyper-excitability might be present (reviewed in Koutroumanidis, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of frontal lobe spikes in the early onset benign occipital lobe epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos syndrome)

Leal¹,

Ferreira

Dias

et al. 2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: Early onset benign occipital lobe epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos syndrome [PS]) is a common and easily recognizable epilepsy. Interictal EEG spike activity is often multifocal but most frequently localized in the occipital lobes. The origin and clinical significance of the extra-occipital spikes remain poorly understood. Methods: Three patients with the PS and interictal EEG spikes with frontal lobe topography were studied using high-resolution EEG. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to decompose the spikes in components with distinct temporal dynamics. The components were mapped in the scalp with a spline-laplacian algorithm. Results: The change in scalp potential topography from spike onset to peak, suggests the contribution of several intracranial generators, with different kinetics of activation and significant overlap. ICA was able to separate the major contributors to frontal spikes and consistently revealed an early activating group of components over the occipital areas in all the patients. The local origin of these early potentials was established by the spline-laplacian montage. Conclusions: Frontal spikes in PS are consistently associated with early and unilateral occipital lobe activation, suggesting a posteroanterior spike propagation. Significance: Frontal spikes in the PS represent a secondary activation triggered by occipital interictal discharges and do not represent an independent focus.

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Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a consensus view

Cited by 156 publications

References 34 publications

A study on spike focus dependence of high‐frequency activity in idiopathic focal epilepsy in childhood

A study on spike focus dependence of high‐frequency activity in idiopathic focal epilepsy in childhood

Türk Çocuklarında İdiopatik Çocukluk Çağı Oksipital Lob Epilepsisi

Origin of frontal lobe spikes in the early onset benign occipital lobe epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos syndrome)

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