Panaxadiol as a major metabolite of AD-1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells: In vitro and in vivo study

Xu, Lei; Zhang, Xiaoshu; Xiao, Shengnan; Li, Xiaofei; Jiang, Hua; Wang, Ziyi; Sun, Baoshan; Zhao, Yuqing

doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105392

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Cytotoxicity Assay and Cell Morphology Observation. The cytotoxicity assay used was that of Xu et al 19 with some modifications. In the assay, M0 and 10 metabolites were evaluated by the MTT assay with different cells.…”

Section: Isolation Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apoptosis Analysis. The apoptosis analysis used was that of Xu et al 19 with some modifications. In the assay, M0 and M2 were used to treat HepG-2 cells at concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 μM.…”

Section: Isolation Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell Cycle Analysis. The cell cycle analysis used was that of Xu et al 19 with some modifications. In the assay, the concentrations of M0 were 7.5, 15, and 30 μM, and the concentrations of M2 were 7.5 and 15 μM.…”

Section: Isolation Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western Blotting. The Western blotting method used was that of Xu et al 19 with some modifications. In the assay, different target antibodies were used to verify the anti-cancer mechanism of M2.…”

Section: Isolation Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, in the in vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of PD on breast cancer, we found that PD could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells, induce G1 phase arrest, and inhibit the occurrence and development of breast cancer through the MAPK pathway. 19 In addition, PD also induced the hypoxia inducible factor-1α and STAT3 pathway to inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer. 20 Therefore, we further investigated PD to obtain a more comprehensive metabolic pathway of AD-1.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Metabolites of Panaxadiol Inhibit HepG-2 Cell Proliferation by Inducing G1 Arrest and ROS-Mediated Apoptosis

Xiao

Lee

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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In this study, 10 metabolites were obtained by collecting and extracting fecal samples after oral administration of panaxadiol (PD). Of these 10 metabolites, M7 (3β,21β,22α-hydroxy-24-norolean-12-ene), M8 (21β,22α-hydroxy-24-norolean-12-ene-3-one), M9 (3β,30α-hydroxy-24-norolean-22,30-epoxy-12-ene), and M10 (3β,21β-hydroxy-24-norolean-12-ene) were new compounds. MTT screening of the isolated compounds revealed that the inhibitions of cancer cells by M2, M4, M7, M8, and M10 were significantly stronger than that by the mother drug M0, with the activity of M2 being the most significant. Further, we investigated the anticancer mechanism of M2. The results showed that M2 significantly increased the level of ROS in cells; regulated the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and Cyt-C through the mitochondrial pathway; triggered the caspase cascade; and induced apoptosis. M2 could also induce G1 phase arrest and significantly regulate cell cycle-related proteins. In conclusion, the experimental results provide data for further study on the metabolic mechanism of PD in vivo and the potential of developing new anti-cancer drugs.

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Section: Isolation Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation Of Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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