Panax notoginseng Saponins for Treating Coronary Artery Disease: A Functional and Mechanistic Overview

Duan, Lian; Xiong, Xingjiang; Hu, Junyuan; Liu, Yongmei; Li, Jun; Wang, Jie

doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00702

Cited by 100 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma (San Qi) , a valuable herb in TCM with obvious efficacy and favorable safety, played a crucial role in CADs and was increasingly recognized clinically. Many experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma (San Qi) could regulate lipid metabolism, reduce the inflammatory reaction and myocardial damage, improve the energy metabolism of myocardial cells, inhibit ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in acute MI rats and so forth ( Duan et al, 2017 ). Nardostachyos Radix Et Rhizoma (Gan Song) , the rhizomes and roots of Nardostachys jatamansi DC, could rectify qi, relieve pain, resolve constraint and fortify the spleen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of Wenxin Keli in Cardiovascular Diseases: An Experimental and Mechanism Overview

et al. 2018

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality on a global basis. Wenxin Keli (WXKL), a formally classical Chinese patent medicine with obvious efficacy and favorable safety, plays a great role in the management of patients with CVDs. Accumulating evidence from various animal and cell studies has showed that WXKL could protect myocardium and anti-arrhythmia against CVDs. WXKL exhibited its cardioprotective roles by inhibiting inflammatory reaction, decreasing oxidative stress, regulating vasomotor disorders, lowering cell apoptosis, and protection against endothelial injure, myocardial ischemia, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. Besides, WXKL could effectively shorten the QRS and Q-T intervals, decrease the incidence of atrial/ventricular fibrillation and the number of ventricular tachycardia episodes, improve the severity of arrhythmias by regulating various ion channels with different potencies, mainly comprising peak sodium current (INa), late sodium current (INaL), transient outward potassium current (Ito), L-type calcium current (ICaL), and pacemaker current (If).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of Wenxin Keli in Cardiovascular Diseases: An Experimental and Mechanism Overview

et al. 2018

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“…In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have confirmed the efficacy of TCM for treating ischemic heart disease [ 6 ]. Panax ginseng is a perennial herb which belongs to the Araliaceae family and is distributed in 35 countries, particularly in China and South Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Re Attenuates Isoproterenol‐Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats

Wang

et al. 2018

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. Panax ginseng is widely used for treatment of cardiovascular disorders in China. Ginsenoside Re is the main chemical component of Panax ginseng. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Ginsenoside Re on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. Methods. Male Wistar rats were orally given Ginsenoside Re (5, 20 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. Isoproterenol was subcutaneously injected into the rats for two consecutive days at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day (on 6th and 7th day). Six hours after the last isoproterenol injection, troponin T level and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity were assayed. Histopathological examination of heart tissues was performed. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in heart tissues were measured. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) content in nucleus and the proteins of glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM) in heart tissues were assayed by western blotting method. Results. Treatment with Ginsenoside Re at dose of 5, 20 mg/kg reduced troponin T level and CK-MB activity of rats subjected to isoproterenol. The cardioprotective effect of Ginsenoside Re was further confirmed by histopathological examination which showed that Ginsenoside Re attenuated the necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration. Ginsenoside Re inhibited the increase of MDA content and the decrease of GSH in heart tissues. Moreover, the Nrf2 content in nucleus and the expressions of GCLC and GCLM were significantly increased in the animals treated with Ginsenoside Re. Conclusion. These findings suggested that Ginsenoside Re possesses the property to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemic injury by regulating the antioxidation function in cardiomyocytes.

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“…To date, ∼180 ginsenosides have been identified from around 17 species of the Panax genus (Liang and Zhao, 2008;Kim et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2018). Panax belongs to the Araliaceae family, which contains Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax notoginseng, which have been used in traditional herbal medicine in Asia for more than 4,000 years (Duan et al, 2017;Mancuso and Santangelo, 2017). Notably, ginsenosides are also detected in Pfaffia glomerata, which is Brazilian ginseng belonging to the Amaranthaceae family (Costa et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Metabolic Engineering of Yeasts for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

Chu

Montecillo

Bae

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Ginsenosides are a group of glycosylated triterpenes isolated from Panax species. Ginsenosides are promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of cancer as well as food additives. However, owing to a lack of efficient approaches for ginsenoside production from plants and chemical synthesis, ginsenosides may not yet have reached their full potential as medicinal resources. In recent years, an alternative approach for ginsenoside production has been developed using the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-conventional yeasts such as Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris. In this review, various metabolic engineering strategies, including heterologous gene expression, balancing, and increasing metabolic flux, and enzyme engineering, have been described as recent advanced engineering techniques for improving ginsenoside production. Furthermore, the usefulness of a systems approach and fermentation strategy has been presented. Finally, the present challenges and future research direction for industrial cell factories have been discussed.

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Panax notoginseng Saponins for Treating Coronary Artery Disease: A Functional and Mechanistic Overview

Cited by 100 publications

References 101 publications

Therapeutic Effects of Wenxin Keli in Cardiovascular Diseases: An Experimental and Mechanism Overview

Therapeutic Effects of Wenxin Keli in Cardiovascular Diseases: An Experimental and Mechanism Overview

Ginsenoside Re Attenuates Isoproterenol‐Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats

Recent Advances in the Metabolic Engineering of Yeasts for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

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