Panax Notoginseng Saponins attenuates sevoflurane-induced nerve cell injury by modulating AKT signaling pathway

Abstract

General anesthesia in patients with or at risk for neuronal injury remains challenging due to the neurotoxic effects of volatile anesthetics. One inhalation anesthetic, sevoflurane, induces neuronal damage, including neuroapoptosis, and learning and memory impairment. Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) is the active ingredient of Sanqui and has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects. In the current study, the protective effect of PNS on sevoflurane‑induced nerve cell injury was explored. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced in a dose‑dependent manner following stimulation with sevoflurane. Furthermore, cell apoptosis and the protein expression of caspase‑3, caspase‑9 and Bax were significantly increased, while the expression of Bcl‑2 was decreased in the sevoflurane group compared with normal control. Furthermore, the protein level of Bace‑1, APP and Aβ were elevated in the sevoflurane group compared with the control group. By contrast, PNS treatment significantly reduced the neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane. Additionally, sevoflurane reduced activation of the AKT signaling pathway, which was activated by PNS treatment. In conclusion, the results suggested that PNS attenuates sevoflurane‑induced neurotoxicity through by stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. These effects were mediated, at least in part, by activating the AKT signaling pathway.

Lycium�barbarum polysaccharides attenuates the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by sevoflurane

“…As a critical anti-apoptosis factor, Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis predominantly by inhibiting caspase pathway. On the other hand, Bax conjugates with Bcl-2, forming heterodimer, to induce the release of cytochrome c, activate caspase pathway and promote apoptosis (32,33). Caspases are a family of cysteine-aspartic proteases.…”

Panax Notoginseng Saponins: A Review of Its Mechanisms of Antidepressant or Anxiolytic Effects and Network Analysis on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

“…These have been used for more than a thousand years with generally carry a low risk of negative side effects. Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen , as traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of high clinical value, such as anti-inflammatory [ 16 , 20 , 31 , 32 ], anti-oxidation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of blood glucose [ 27 , 33 , 34 ] and blood pressure [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], inhibition of neuronal apoptosis [ 14 , 38 , 39 ], and neuronal protection. Currently, Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen may improve mental function, have anti-insomnia and anti-depression effects, alleviate anxiety, and decrease neural network excitation [ 25 , 26 ].…”

“…There are others reported to be flavonoids, cyclopeptides, saccharides, and inorganic elements [ 30 ]. Pharmacological studies have shown that notoginseng and its extracts have many functions, such as anti-inflammatory [ 16 , 20 , 31 , 32 ], anti-oxidation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of blood glucose [ 27 , 33 , 34 ] and blood pressure [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], inhibition of neuronal apoptosis [ 14 , 38 , 39 ], and neuronal protection [ 30 ].…”

Panax Notoginseng Saponins: A Review of Its Mechanisms of Antidepressant or Anxiolytic Effects and Network Analysis on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

“…These have been used for more than a thousand years with generally carry a low risk of negative side effects. Panax notoginseng, as traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of high clinical value, such as anti-inflammatory [16,20,31,32], antioxidation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of blood glucose [27,33,34] and blood pressure [35][36][37], inhibition of neuronal apoptosis [14,38,39] and neuronal protection. Currently, Panax notoginseng may improve mental function, have anti-insomnia and anti-depression effects, alleviate anxiety, and decrease neural network excitation [25,26].…”

“…And there are others reported to be flavonoids, cyclopeptides, saccharides and inorganic elements [30]. Pharmacological studies have shown that notoginseng and its extracts have many functions, such as anti-inflammatory [16,20,31,32], anti-oxidation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of blood glucose [27,33,34], blood pressure [35][36][37], inhibition of neuronal apoptosis [14,38,39] and neuronal protection [30].…”