Panax ginseng extract reduces Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells but does not affect macrophages phagocytic activity

Beccaría, Camila; Silvestrini, Paula; Renna, María Sol; Ortega, Hugo Héctor; Calvinho, Luis Fernando; Dallard, Bibiana Elisabet; Baravalle, Celina

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.010

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Various plant extracts (PE) were tested, against S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis, the most efficient ones were extracted from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Juglans regia L, Artemisia absinthium, Cymbopogon nardus, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Panax ginseng, Calliandra surinamensis and Xanthium strumarium (Diaz et al 2010;Kinde et al 2015;Beccaria et al 2018;Gomes et al 2018;Mordmuang et al 2019;Proc opio et al 2019). Among bioactive phytochemicals, PE rich in phenolic and ethanolic compounds have effective antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, some of them are recommended at the dry-off period (Baskaran et al 2009), and some of them have a prominent bactericidal effect against S. aureus biofilm cells (Rossi et al 2011;Saising et al 2011;Klein et al 2015;Gomes et al 2019), combinations between phenolic PEs proved to be one of the most effective strategies against S. aureus biofilms (Gomes et al 2019).…”

Section: Alternative Therapeutic Modalities and Prophylactic Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among bioactive phytochemicals, PE rich in phenolic and ethanolic compounds have effective antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, some of them are recommended at the dry-off period (Baskaran et al 2009), and some of them have a prominent bactericidal effect against S. aureus biofilm cells (Rossi et al 2011;Saising et al 2011;Klein et al 2015;Gomes et al 2019), combinations between phenolic PEs proved to be one of the most effective strategies against S. aureus biofilms (Gomes et al 2019). Moreover ethanolic PEs had been proven to have a vigorous antibacterial activity against S. aureus SCVs, and they were able to reduce also the internalization of S. aureus into bovine epithelial mammary cells (Beccaria et al 2018;Mordmuang et al 2019). In addition, the combination between PE and commercially available antibiotics can reduce the concentration of antibiotics required for S. aureus bovine mastitis treatment, as suggested by a study that used a combination between tetracyclin and a thermo-stable and acidic lectin (CasuL) and found an interesting synergistic potential against S. aureus (Proc opio et al 2019).…”

Section: Alternative Therapeutic Modalities and Prophylactic Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover ethanolic PEs had been proven to have a vigorous antibacterial activity against S. aureus SCVs, and they were able to reduce also the internalization of S. aureus into bovine epithelial mammary cells (Beccaria et al . 2018; Mordmuang et al . 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Staphylococcus aureuspersistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities

Zaatout

Ayachi

Kecha

2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important agent of contagious bovine intramammary infections in dairy cattle. Its ability to persist inside the udder is based on the presence of important mechanisms such as its ability to form biofilms, polysaccharide capsules small colony variants, and their ability to invade professional and nonprofessional cells, which will protect S. aureus from the innate and adaptive immune response of the cow, and from antibiotics that are no longer considered to be sufficient against S. aureus bovine mastitis. In this review, we present the recent research outlining S. aureus persistence properties inside the mammary gland, including its regulation mechanisms, and we highlight alternative therapeutic strategies that were tested against S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis such as the use of probiotic bacteria, bacteriocins and bacteriophages. Overall, the persistence of S. aureus inside the mammary gland remains a pressing veterinary problem. A thorough understanding of staphylococcal persistence mechanisms will elucidate novel ways that can help in the identification of novel treatments.

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Section: Alternative Therapeutic Modalities and Prophylactic Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Therapeutic Modalities and Prophylactic Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Staphylococcus aureuspersistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities

Zaatout

Ayachi

Kecha

2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…The components of P. ginseng may regulate CYP3A4 enzyme activity via PXR [23, 24]. However, most studies of the effects of P. ginseng on CYP enzyme activity have focused on single compounds or in vitro experiments [23–30], and the combined effects of P. ginseng compounds on CYPs and PXR have not been reported. Moreover, specific CYP isoforms screened for the metabolism of diester alkaloids have not been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panax ginseng Inhibits Metabolism of Diester Alkaloids by Downregulating CYP3A4 Enzyme Activity via the Pregnane X Receptor

Yang

Wang

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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To investigate the effects of P. ginseng C.A. Mey (P. ginseng) on the metabolism of diester alkaloids and explore the potential mechanism. P. ginseng was administered orally to rats for 7 days, after which liver microsome samples were prepared and then incubated with diester alkaloids. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to determinate the concentration of diester alkaloids to calculate the clearance rate. The cocktail method was used to evaluate the effects of oral administration of P. ginseng extracts on the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms in rats through the changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the probe drugs. The protein and gene expression of CYP3A2 and pregnane X receptor (PXR) in rats were evaluated by western blotting and quantitative PCR. The specific enzyme inhibitor method and human recombinant enzyme method were used to identify the involvement of sub-CYPs in the metabolism of diester alkaloids in human liver microsomes (HLMs). The clearances of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in the P. ginseng groups were lower than those of the control group. The areas under the curve of midazolam were 2.37 ± 1.05, 4.96 ± 0.51, and 6.23 ± 1.30 mg·L−1·h for the low-, medium-, and high-dose P. ginseng groups, respectively, which were higher than that of the control (2.23 ± 0.64 mg·L−1·h). The clearances of midazolam for the medium- (1.87 ± 0.16 L·h−1·kg−1) and high-dose (1.60 ± 0.34 L·h−1·kg−1) P. ginseng groups were lower than that of the control group (4.66 ± 1.43 L·h−1·kg−1). After exposure to P. ginseng extracts, the gene and protein expression levels of CYP3A4 and PXR were decreased. The hepatic metabolism rates of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in HLMs were decreased to 60.37%, 21.67%, and 10.11%, respectively, when incubated with ketoconazole, a specific inhibitor for CYP3A. The kinetic plots indicated that the KM and Vmax values of CYP3A4 were 10.08 ± 3.26 μM and 0.12 ± 0.01nmol·mg protein−1·min−1 for aconitine, 131.3 ± 99.75 μM and 0.73 ± 0.44 nmol·mg protein−1·min−1 for mesaconitine, and 17.05 ± 9.70 μM and 0.16 ± 0.04 nmol·mg protein−1·min−1 for hypaconitine, respectively. The in vitro mean intrinsic clearance rates by CYP3A4 were 0.0119, 0.0056, and 0.0091 mL·nmol CYP−1·min−1 for aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine, respectively. Therefore we implied that P. ginseng inhibited the metabolism of diester alkaloids in vitro and decreased the CYP3A4 enzyme activity as well as the gene and protein expression of CYP3A4 and PXR in vivo. CYP3A4 had a larger effect on diester alkaloid metabolism than the other human CYP isoforms, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2E1.

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“…In complementary studies, using a mouse mastitis model, PGe was shown to enhance host immunity protecting from a S. aureus experimental infection by partially inhibiting its multiplication within the MG (Silvestrini et al ., 2017). In an in vitro model, PGe reduced S. aureus internalization into mammary epithelial cells (Beccaria et al ., 2018). According to results obtained so far, the use of PGe either as an alternative or an adjunct for DCAI appears promising.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Panax ginseng extract combined with cephalexin as a dry cow therapy

Beccaría

Baravalle

Silvestrini

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Research

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Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of intramammary administration, at drying-off, of a Panax ginseng extract (PGe) combined with cephalexin (Ceph) on the post-calving bacteriological cure rate of pre-existing intramammary infections (IMI) and on the occurrence of new IMI during the dry period. In addition, milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) in the post-treatment lactation were evaluated. One hundred and eight late-lactation cows were randomly divided into two experimental groups and were treated at drying-off with Ceph alone or PGe combined with Ceph.Cure rates for IMI present at drying-off were similar for both treatments (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.33–2.74). Cure rates for Staphylococcus aureus were lower (OR = 15.4, 95% CI = 1.66–142.52) in quarters treated with PGe + Ceph than in those treated with Ceph alone. Intramammary infusion of PGe + Ceph at drying-off had no effect on preventing new dry period IMI (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.38–1.51), compared with infusion of Ceph alone. Milk production and SCC in the ensuing lactation were not affected by PGe + Ceph treatment. In conclusion, addition of PGe to dry cow therapy did not show any advantage over the use of dry cow therapy alone.

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Panax ginseng extract reduces Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells but does not affect macrophages phagocytic activity

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Staphylococcus aureuspersistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities

Staphylococcus aureuspersistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities

Panax ginseng Inhibits Metabolism of Diester Alkaloids by Downregulating CYP3A4 Enzyme Activity via the Pregnane X Receptor

Efficacy of Panax ginseng extract combined with cephalexin as a dry cow therapy

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