Pan evaporation modelling and changing attribution analysis on the Tibetan Plateau (1970–2012)

Hong, Xie; Zhu, Xuan; Yuan, Daoyang

doi:10.1002/hyp.10356

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Thus, some researchers are devoted to developing special E p models, among which the PenPan model [22,23] was confirmed as providing better performance across Australia and the USA for Class A [25,26,28] and China for the φ20 [29][30][31]. Our results show that the PenPan model developed for Class A [22,23] overestimated the E601, but underestimated the φ20 (Figures 3 and 4).…”

Section: Pan Evaporationsupporting

confidence: 50%

Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate

Feng

et al. 2017

Water

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Because of its nature, lake evaporation (E L ) is rarely measured directly. The most common method used is to apply a pan coefficient (K p ) to the measured pan evaporation (E p ). To reconstruct the long sequence dataset of E p , this study firstly determined the conversion coefficients of E p of two pans (φ20 and E601, each applied to a different range of years) measured synchronously at the nearest meteorological station during the unfrozen period through 1986 to 2001, and then E p was estimated by the PenPan model that developed to the Class A pan and applied to quantify the E L of the Juyan Lake, located in the hyper-arid area of northwest China. There was a significantly linear relationship between the E601 and φ20 with the conversion coefficients of 0.60 and 0.61 at daily and monthly time scales, respectively. The annual E p based on monthly conversion coefficients was estimated at 2240.5 mm and decreased by 6.5 mm per year, which was consistent with the declining wind speed (U) during the 60 years from 1957 to 2016. The E p simulated by the PenPan model with the modified net radiation (R n ) had better performance (compared to E p measured by E601) than the original PenPan model, which may be attributed to the overestimated R n under the surface of E601 that was embedded in the soil rather than above the ground similar to the Class A and φ20. The measured monthly E L and E p has a significantly linear relationship during the unfrozen period in 2014 and 2015, but the ratio of E p to E L , i.e., K p varied within the year, with an average of 0.79, and was logarithmically associated with U. The yearly mean E L with full lake area from 2005 to 2015 was 1638.5 mm and 1385.6 mm, calculated by the water budget and the PenPan model with the modified R n , respectively; the latter was comparable to the surface runoff with an average of 1462.9 mm. In conclusion, the PenPan model with the modified R n has good performance in simulating E p of the E601, and by applying varied K p to the model we can improve the estimates of lake evaporation.

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Section: Pan Evaporationsupporting

confidence: 50%

Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate

Feng

et al. 2017

Water

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“…Pan evaporation ( E p ) is the evaporation from pans filled with water during a period [ Xu et al , ], and it is a surrogate of ET p . E p is measured by pan evaporimeters [ Liu et al , ] and usually an open circular pan with a diameter of 20 cm is used [ Chen et al , ; Yang et al , ; Zhang et al , ; Xie et al , ; Liu et al , ; Xie et al , ]. The regional averaged interannual E p on the TP ranges from about 1300 to 1900 mm [ Zhang et al , ; Xie et al , ].…”

Section: Changes In Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E p is measured by pan evaporimeters [ Liu et al , ] and usually an open circular pan with a diameter of 20 cm is used [ Chen et al , ; Yang et al , ; Zhang et al , ; Xie et al , ; Liu et al , ; Xie et al , ]. The regional averaged interannual E p on the TP ranges from about 1300 to 1900 mm [ Zhang et al , ; Xie et al , ]. E p has commonly been used to represent potential evaporation [ Liu et al , ; Xu et al , ].…”

Section: Changes In Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E p has commonly been used to represent potential evaporation [ Liu et al , ; Xu et al , ]. Although the global temperature increased, E p in many regions on the earth has decreased during the past several decades [ Liu et al , ; Zhang et al , ; Liu et al , ; Xie et al , ]. Such a phenomenon is referred to as the pan evaporation paradox [ Liu et al , ; Zhang et al , ; Liu et al , ].…”

Section: Changes In Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on climate change on the Tibetan Plateau during the last half century

2016

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The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is undergoing significant warming since the 1950s. During the past two decades, extensive research has been conducted to investigate the climate change on the plateau. This review presents an overview of recent progress on climate change on the TP with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of changes in climate variables. Long‐term observation data from meteorological stations presented by the published literature were used to show the trends in various climate variables. The TP is overall getting warmer and wetter during the past decades. Temperature is significantly increased, especially since the 1980s. The overall warming rate ranges from 0.16 to 0.67°C decade−1 since the 1950s during different periods. The TP shows a uniform warming trend with the most significant warming in the northern part. Precipitation is slightly increased, and the spatial pattern of changes in precipitation is variable. The annual precipitation is increasing in most areas of the TP. Some subregions are becoming wetter, while some subregions are becoming drier. Pan evaporation, reference evapotranspiration, and potential evapotranspiration have been found to decrease since the 1960s. Actual evapotranspiration is significantly increased since the 1960s. Wind speed and sunshine duration increased up to the 1970s and then decreased significantly afterwards. Relative humidity fluctuated up and down to the end of the 1990s and appeared to decrease afterwards. Vapor pressure deficit shows an overall increasing trend since the 1970s. Causes of changes in the climate variables are presented, and future research directions are recommended.

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“…The decreasing u 2 and R n have resulted in the decline in E pan in the Tibetan Plateau in the past fifty years [16,23]. However, in the Zoige wetland, although decreasing wind speed (u 2 ) and net radiation (R n ) resulted in negative effects on E pan , the increasing water vapor pressure deficit (D) and temperature (T a ) resulted in the increasing trend in E pan during 1969-2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Pan Evaporation and Their Attribution to Climate Factors in the Zoige Alpine Wetland, the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau (1969–2014)

Zhao

Gou

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Water

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Decreases in pan evaporation (E pan ) over the last decades have been reported in many regions of the world. In this study, changes of E pan in the Zoige Plateau alpine wetland (hereinafter referred to as "Zoige wetland") and its peripheral regions from 1969 to 2014 were investigated using the PenPan model based on the long-term meteorological data. The contribution of climate factors to E pan change were quantified by using partial derivatives of the PenPan model. Results indicated that E pan in Zoige wetland exhibited an obvious decreasing trend before 1989, but rapidly increased after 1990. The increase in E pan in the Zoige wetland is more significant than that in its peripheral regions and the entire Tibetan Plateau, which contributed to the more significant warming in the Zoige wetland. The pan evaporation in Zoige wetland after 1990 could be mostly attributed to changes in the aerodynamic component, and the decreasing radiation and wind speed is the primary contributor to the decline of pan evaporation during 1969-1989, while increasing air temperature and vapor pressure deficit were the major contributors to the increase of pan evaporation after 1990.

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Pan evaporation modelling and changing attribution analysis on the Tibetan Plateau (1970–2012)

Cited by 41 publications

References 56 publications

Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate

Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate

Review on climate change on the Tibetan Plateau during the last half century

Changes in Pan Evaporation and Their Attribution to Climate Factors in the Zoige Alpine Wetland, the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau (1969–2014)

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