Palynology of the Genus Stachytarpheta Vahl. (Verbenaceae)

Abstract

The exine morphology of pollen grains of Stachytarpheta indica (Linn.) Vahl, Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl and Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl is reported. This study was carried out with a light microscope. Pollen grains from fresh anthers were collected and aceolysed. Statistical analysis used to analyse the data collected include cluster analysis, correlation analysis, similarity and distance indices. The pollen grains are spheroidal to oblate to sub-oblate in shape. They are aperturate, both colpate and porate. Tricolpate types occur most frequently, acolpate, monocolpate, bicolpate and tetracolpate types less frequently. The multicolpate and multiporate attributes in all the species indicate that the genus is not primitive in evolutionary history and this species probably, evolved around in the same time. According to the size, the pollen grains of the genus falls into groups permagna (pollen diameter 100-200 μm) and giganta (pollen diameter greater than 200 μm). S. cayennensis and S. anguistifolia belong to group permagna and S. indica only in the group giganta. This separates S. indica from the other two species. The large pollen grain size in the genus clearly supports the fact that the flowers in the genus are more insect-and-bird pollinated than wind pollinated. The similarity and distance indices of the species showed that S. cayennensis and S. angustifolia are the closest. S. indica is closer to S. angustifolia but farther from S. cayennensis.

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Properties of Stachytarpheta angustifolia Mill Vahl (Verbenaceae) Methanol Extract

“…Vahl." [10]. "Various chemical constituents have been reported in the genus, including; flavones and flavonoids, saturated hydrocarbons, phenols, terpenes steroids, quinones, and fatty acids such as stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids" [11].…”

Neuroprotective Effect of Stachytarpheta angustifolia Methanol Extract Against Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Albino Rats

“…Vahl." [10]. Stachytarpheta angustifolia is a seasonal plant that has been reported to possess various phytochemicals including; Saponins, Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, quinones, phenol, tannins, steroids and coumarins which possessed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties [7].…”

6β-hydroxyipolamiide of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Leaves

“…The Verbenaceae family is known to have important bioactivity. There were 13 species of 8 genera that were reported as traditional medicine in several countries to cure several diseases [10] [11]. Among them are ethanol extract Stachytarpheta jamaicensis that is commonly known as Brazilian tea, verbena cimarrona, rooter comb or blue porter weed is known as horse whip which has anti-inflammatory activity [12], Lippia schomburgkiana Schauer leaves as antioxidants and have cytotoxic effects [13] and roots of Clerodendrum eriophyllum as antimalarials [14].…”