Palynological record of tropical rain forest vegetation and sea level fluctuations since 140ka from sediment core, south-eastern Arabian Sea

Farooqui, Anjum; Pattan, J.N.; Parthiban, G.; Srivastava, Jyoti; Ranjana, .

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.020

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The topographic complexity of the middle-elevation reliefs of the Ghats could have favoured species survival (e.g. Fjelds a & Lovett, 1997), whereas the lowland northern species could have expanded into suitable habitat along the coastline exposed by the lowered sea level during the LGM (Farooqui et al, 2014).…”

Section: Scenarios Of Distributional Changes Relate To Climateinducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past potential habitats shed light on the biogeography of endemic tree species of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, South India

Bose

Munoz

Ramesh

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim To investigate how Quaternary climatic changes affected the habitats that support endemic tree species distributions in a tropical rain forest. Based on past and present predicted species distributions, we assessed (1) whether climatic conditions may have supported species survival in the same area over the studied period, (2) the effect of ecological niche specialization on speciesspecific responses, and (3) the persistence of current populations in areas that were more climatically stable over time.Location Western Ghats, Western Ghats-Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot, India. MethodsWe assessed species' current bioclimatic preferences based on their occurrence data using Maxent distribution modelling. The models were projected onto past climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Last Interglacial (LIG) to assess the extent of changes in species' predicted distributions through time. Further, we tested whether species' current occurrences were located non-randomly in pixels predicted to have been suitable in the past. Finally, we characterized species-specific responses in relation to plausible biogeographical scenarios.Results We identified three distinct scenarios of species' responses to past climate changes -stability, contraction and shift -depending on their bioclimatic preferences. For high-elevation species, the cool, dry LGM was less restrictive than for medium-elevation and northern lowland species. Southernmost species requiring minimal seasonality were restricted by higher LIG seasonality, and only predicted to have been present in Sri Lanka at that time. Barring these southernmost narrow endemics, past suitable habitat, within which observed current occurrences are located, were predicted for most species.Main conclusions Palaeoclimate modelling reveals the likely local persistence of most Western Ghats endemics over the last 150 kyr, a relatively recent period in this Paleogene refugium. The large spectrum of bioclimatic preferences probably arose as a result of evolutionary events prior to the Quaternary. Our results highlight the need for further studies based on molecular phylogenetics in this relatively poorly studied biodiversity hotspot.

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Section: Scenarios Of Distributional Changes Relate To Climateinducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past potential habitats shed light on the biogeography of endemic tree species of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, South India

Bose

Munoz

Ramesh

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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“…The recreated paleo-niche model also depicted a narrow distribution in LIG expanding considerably during the LGM which could be attributed to the availability of favourable climate in and around central and southern Western Ghats. The paleoclimatic studies from Western Ghats have suggested a comparatively drier climate during LGM due to a weakening of the summer monsoon and the impact would be higher on montane species and species sensitive towards seasonality (Farooqui et al, 2014;Bose et al, 2016). Syzygium travancoricum might have taken refuge in moisture laden lowland areas due to its preference to swampy habitat usually associated with perennial water bodies (Chandran et al, 2008(Chandran et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Population Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Syzygium travancoricum might have taken refuge in moisture laden lowland areas due to its preference to swampy habitat usually associated with perennial water bodies (Chandran et al, 2008(Chandran et al, , 2010. Recent paleoclimatic studies reveal of continuous precipitation due to south-west and north-east monsoon with varying magnitude despite arid condition prevalent in LGM period and especially in the southern Western Ghats (Kim et al, 2008;Farooqui et al, 2014). Moreover, the vast land exposed during glacial period was covered with marshy or swamp habitat (as evidenced from fossil studies, Farooqui, 2014), a preferred condition for S. travancoricum.…”

Section: Population Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent paleoclimatic studies reveal of continuous precipitation due to south-west and north-east monsoon with varying magnitude despite arid condition prevalent in LGM period and especially in the southern Western Ghats (Kim et al, 2008;Farooqui et al, 2014). Moreover, the vast land exposed during glacial period was covered with marshy or swamp habitat (as evidenced from fossil studies, Farooqui, 2014), a preferred condition for S. travancoricum. Subsequently, the strengthening of the summer monsoon and pre-monsoon rainfall in post-LGM maintained the climate appropriate for species habitat (Farooqui et al, 2014).…”

Section: Population Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the vast land exposed during glacial period was covered with marshy or swamp habitat (as evidenced from fossil studies, Farooqui, 2014), a preferred condition for S. travancoricum. Subsequently, the strengthening of the summer monsoon and pre-monsoon rainfall in post-LGM maintained the climate appropriate for species habitat (Farooqui et al, 2014). However, the recent patchy distribution may be due to anthropogenic disturbance causing by reduced native vegetation over the last few hundred years.…”

Section: Population Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 1: Supplementary Table

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The climatic shifts in the Quaternary Period acted as an important driving force for evolution of the world's biodiversity. In this study, responses to the ice age of a rare and endangered tree of Indian Western Ghats, Syzygium travancoricum, was investigated through a combination of molecular data and ecological niche modeling. Results indicate the moderate (nrDNA) to high (cpDNA) population structure, presence of private alleles, and absence of phylogeographic structure. Spatial distribution of diversity does not significantly support southern colonisation, nor the Palghat Gap as a geographical barrier based on the genetic structure. Combined insights from Ecological Niche Modelling and population history depicts a probable colonisation of the Western Ghats in the late Miocene or later followed by a split into separate southern and northern populations from the middle to late Pleistocene. The prevalence of favourable conditions in the post-Last interglacial period stimulated rapid population expansion and a very recent decline. The absence of phylogeographic structure and overall climatic stability from Last Interglacial do not offer support to an existence of refugia in the Western Ghats. We conclude by discussing appropriate conservation measures for this rare and endangered tree based on our findings.

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Impact of climate on the evolution of vegetation in tectonically active Karewa basin, Kashmir Himalayas

et al. 2021

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Palynological record of tropical rain forest vegetation and sea level fluctuations since 140ka from sediment core, south-eastern Arabian Sea

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Past potential habitats shed light on the biogeography of endemic tree species of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, South India

Past potential habitats shed light on the biogeography of endemic tree species of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, South India

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Impact of climate on the evolution of vegetation in tectonically active Karewa basin, Kashmir Himalayas

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