Palynofacies and geochemical analysis of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin: Implications for hydrocarbon generation potential and the paleoenvironment of continental source rocks

Zhang, Mingzhen; Ji, Liming; Wu, Yuandong; Cong, He

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2015.11.005

Cited by 48 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Cellular structures are mainly associated with the yellowish brown, thin, unevenly folded, transparent or translucent cuticles (Batten 1996). Recently a new category has also been included in it called gelified phytoclasts (Zhang et al 2015). The principal prevailing reason of phytoclasts allocation is the distance travelled over which particles have been transported (Carvalho et al 2013).…”

Section: Structured Organic Matter (Percentage Of Total Kerogen)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palynofacies analysis has also been acknowledged as an efficient tool in domains like sequence biostratigraphy, palyno-biostratigraphy, proximal-distal trends, identification for depositional processes, oxic-anoxic environment, and variations in the water depth (Zobaa et al 2011;Mueller et al 2014;Tyson and Follows 2000). It is being used as an analytical proxy in palaeoclimatic reconstruction, which could complement the combination of geophysical and geochemical datasets (Mueller et al 2014;Zhang et al 2015). Palynofloral record, along with palynofacies, has become a reliable tool for enhancing the accuracy and consistency of palaeoclimatic reconstructions based on palaeophytogeography, palaeoecology, and palaeoclimatology (Modie 2007;Césari and Colombi 2016;Lindström et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have signified the application of palynological, palynofacies, and sedimentological investigations to demarcate the biostratigraphy and palaeodepositional settings in the sediments of different ages (Götz et al 2003;Cazzulo et al 2009;Hermann et al 2012). Integrated approaches of biostratigraphy and palynofacies are widespread and used to be widely applied for the regional Gondwana sediments of both marine and continental settings (Martinez et al 2008;Zavattieri et al 2008;Guler et al 2013;Zobaa et al 2013;Gonçalves et al 2015;Zhang et al 2015;Aggarwal et al 2015Aggarwal et al , 2017Aggarwal et al ,2019aMurthy et al 2019) in various continents. Map (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentary organic matter as a proficient tool for the palaeoenvironmental and palaeodepositional settings on Gondwana coal deposits

Aggarwal

2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Palynofacies is based on the different types of the dispersed/sedimentary organic matter (DOM/SOM) and has been used as a proficient proxy for the palaeoclimatic reconstructions in sedimentary deposits of various time spans. It has also been acknowledged as an effective tool in the different domains like sequence biostratigraphy, palyno-biostratigraphy, palaeodepositional history, identification for depositional processes, oxic–anoxic environment, and variations in the water depth. It has been emerged as an analytical tool in palaeoclimatic reconstruction, which could complement geophysical and geochemical datasets. Since long palynofacies analysis has been exclusively applied in the marine sediments, it has recently dragged the attention of many researchers as a significant parameter for palaeoclimatic interpretation in continental deposits. In the last few decades, more consideration was focused on palynofacies that have become an essential proxy in the biostratigraphic and other non-biostratigraphic fields due to its requirement in the petroleum industries. The present study provides a basic idea of dispersed organic matter characterization, methodology, interpretations, and its application with special emphasis on the Gondwana deposits. The study also includes the summary of the worldwide distribution of the Gondwana sediments, especially for palaeodepositional settings through palynofacies along with other parameters.

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Section: Structured Organic Matter (Percentage Of Total Kerogen)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sedimentary organic matter as a proficient tool for the palaeoenvironmental and palaeodepositional settings on Gondwana coal deposits

Aggarwal

2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…The term phytoclast was first introduced by Bostick (1971) and includes all structured organic components of kerogen that vary in size from clay to fine sand-sized particles excluding palynomorphs (Zobaa et al 2013). Opaque phytoclasts/inertinite encountered within the formation are responsible for dry gas generation and are included in type III kerogen macerals (plate 2, figure 1) while translucent phytoclasts/vitrinite are responsible for wet gas generation on the achievement of optimum thermal maturity and are included in type II kerogen macerals (plate 2, figures 2 and 3; Tyson 1995;Al-Belushi 2006;Ercegovac and Kostić 2006;Mirzaloo and Ghasemi-Nejad 2012;Zhang et al 2015).…”

Section: Phytoclastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon source rock potential evaluation of the Late Paleocene Patala Formation, Salt Range, Pakistan: Organic geochemical and palynofacies approach

et al. 2018

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Organic geochemical and palynofacies analyses were carried out on shale intervals of the Late Paleocene Patala Formation at Nammal Gorge Section, western Salt Range, Pakistan. The total organic carbon content and Rock-Eval pyrolysis results indicated that the formation is dominated by type II and type III kerogens. Rock-Eval T max vs. hydrogen index (HI) and thermal alteration index indicated that the analysed shale intervals present in the formation are thermally mature. S 1 and S 2 yields showed poor source rock potential for the formation. Three palynofacies assemblages including palynofacies-1, palynofacies-2 and palynofacies-3 were identified, which are prone to dry gas, wet gas and oil generation, respectively. The palynofacies assessment revealed the presence of oil/gas and gas prone type II and type III kerogens in the formation and their deposition on proximal shelf with suboxic to anoxic conditions. The kerogen macerals are dominated by vitrinite and amorphinite with minor inertinite and liptinite. The kerogen macerals are of both marine and terrestrial origin, deposited on a shallow shelf. Overall, the dark black carbonaceous shales present within the formation act as a source rock for hydrocarbons with poor-to-moderate source rock quality, while the grey shales act as a poor source rock for hydrocarbon generation.

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“…In addition, as the beginning part of the Triassic Ordos Lake (Zhang et al, 2008a), the Chang 9 shales recorded very important palaeoenvironment information. However, compared to the Chang 7 shales, many research on the Chang 9 focused on the hydrocarbon potential and accumulation mechanism (Wu et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2008a;Zhou et al, 2008;Duan et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Shi et al, 2013;Bai et al, 2014;Gao & Wang, 2017;Yao et al, 2018Zou et al, 2019, and few studies on the OM sources and palaeoenvironment of the Chang 9 shales have been conducted (Zhang et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2015;Zou et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoenvironment and organic matter of the Triassic Chang 9 lacustrine shales, Ordos Basin, China

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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The Ordos Basin, a large mainly non-marine basin, is an important petroliferous basin in northern China. The Triassic Chang 9 shales, including the delta plain shale (DPS), delta front shale (DFS), and deep lake shale (DLS), are proven to be the main source rocks in the lower Yanchang Formation (LYF). This study investigates the source rock potential, palaeoenvironment, and organic matter (OM) source. According to the OM thermal maturity, abundance, and type, the shales have excellent source rock potential. The DLS has the highest quality with average TOC of 7.08%, S 1 + S 2 of 14.41 mg HC/g rock, andType II 1 -II 2 . According to correlations of Rb/Sr versus Sr/Cu, the shales were mainly deposited in arid conditions. Based on the major element (S), trace elements (V, Ni, Co, Cr, U, and Th), rare earth element (Ce) concentrations, and biomarkers (Pr, Ph, dibenzofuran, fluorene, and dibenzothiophene), redox conditions for the DPS, DFS, and DLS were oxidizing, sub-oxidizing to sub-reducing, and reducing, respectively. The palaeosalinity was fresh-to brackish-water, ascertained by the trace elements (Sr and Ba) and biomarkers (gammacerane). The water stratification was controlled by the temperature changes and the palaeosalinity differences, and the maximum water depth was 100 m during the Chang 9 deposition. Aquatic microorganisms (e.g., algae, bacteria, and phytoplankton) were the main organic matter sources for the shales, mixed together with terrigenous plants in DPS and DFS. The DLS has the most aquatic microorganisms and has the least higher plant fragments, supported by the higher TOC (up to 14%), lowest vitrinite contents (Avg. = 14.1%), and highest liptinite contents (Avg. = 59.5%). Laterally, the DPS, DFS, and DLS were distributed successively from the lake margin to the depocentre. Vertically, the DLS, DFS, and DPS were developed successively from the bottom lake to the upper lake. The DLS was mainly formed in an environment of highlevel sapropelinite and favourable preservation conditions, and the DPS was mainly

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Palynofacies and geochemical analysis of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin: Implications for hydrocarbon generation potential and the paleoenvironment of continental source rocks

Cited by 48 publications

References 30 publications

Sedimentary organic matter as a proficient tool for the palaeoenvironmental and palaeodepositional settings on Gondwana coal deposits

Sedimentary organic matter as a proficient tool for the palaeoenvironmental and palaeodepositional settings on Gondwana coal deposits

Hydrocarbon source rock potential evaluation of the Late Paleocene Patala Formation, Salt Range, Pakistan: Organic geochemical and palynofacies approach

Palaeoenvironment and organic matter of the Triassic Chang 9 lacustrine shales, Ordos Basin, China

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