Palmaris longus, anteductor of the thumb An experimental study

Fahrer, Marius; Tubiana, R

doi:10.1016/0072-968x(76)90016-4

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It has been suggested (Standring, 2007), that the main function of the PLM is not wrist flexion, but rather resisting horizontal shearing forces in a distal direction, as in using a golf club. Another under-reported function is abduction of the thumb (Tubiana, 1973;Fahrer and Tubiana, 1976). This action has been attributed to a lateral slip of the tendon of the PLM that normally inserts onto the abductor pollicis brevis (Reimann et al, 1944;Oudit et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Traction to the palmar aponeurosis was reported to aid the abduction of the thumb (Fahrer, 1973). Fahrer and Tubiana (1976) suggested that in cases of paralysis of abductor pollicis brevis, the tendon of PLM could be freed from the flexor retinaculum, to increase the function of thumb abduction (Tubiana, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the PLM has not been described as a thumb abductor by current mainstream anatomy textbooks (Drake et al, 2005;Snell, 2007;Standring, 2007). Using cadaveric dissection, electromyography and Faradisation (the use of a small electrical current on the skin to elicit a muscle contraction by artificially stimulating a nerve), the PLM was found to cause (a) thumb abduction (anteposition), (b) slight pronation, and (c) traction to the palmar aponeurosis that aided in abduction of the thumb (Fahrer, 1973;Fahrer and Tubiana, 1976). Traction to the palmar aponeurosis was reported to aid the abduction of the thumb (Fahrer, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This test also aims to confirm the PLM as an abductor of the thumb (Fahrer, 1973;Fahrer and Tubiana, 1976) and as a tensor of the palmar aponeurosis (Snell, 2007;Standring, 2007). The advantages of this method are that the palmar aponeurosis can be seen moving slightly proximally with better tensing of the PLM than in the other nine methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the palmaris longus muscle in the Black African population of Zimbabwe and a proposed new testing technique

Gangata

2009

Clinical Anatomy

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The presence of the palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is highly variable. Rates of absence vary from 0.6% in the Korean population to as high as 63.9% in the Turkish population. The tendon of PLM may be absent on one or both forearms, may have duplicated tendons on one forearm or may be laterally shifted to the extent that the tendon of the PLM lies superficial to that of flexor carpi radialis muscle. Among Black American populations, in which there is usually mixed ancestry, rates of absence are 3.5%. Only two studies have been performed on Black African populations: in Republic of Congo and Uganda, and each showed widely differing rates of absence of 3.0% and 14.6%, respectively. In this study, a total of 890 Black Zimbabwean subjects in Harare aged between 8 and 13 years, were examined for clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the tendon of PLM. The results showed that the tendon of the PLM was absent unilaterally in 0.9% of the population, and bilaterally absent in 0.6% with an overall rate of absence of 1.5%. Other variations noted were a laterally shifted PLM in 1.1% of subjects and duplicated tendons on one forearm, which was the least prevalent anomaly, in 0.2% of subjects. The author proposes a new technique to test the tendon of PLM, which combines resisted thumb abduction and resisted wrist flexion. The proposed technique capitalizes on the role of the PLM as an important abductor of the thumb.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the palmaris longus muscle in the Black African population of Zimbabwe and a proposed new testing technique

Gangata

2009

Clinical Anatomy

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“…9,10 PL acts as a we ak fle xor of the wrist, plays a ro le in sta bi li za ti on of the pal mar fas ci a and contri bu tes to an te po si ti on and pro na ti on of the thumb. 11 The aim of this study was to eli cit the pre valen ce of PL age ne sis in the Afg han po pu la ti on and to com pa re the re sults with the pre vi o usly re por ted li te ra tu re. The as so ci a ti on of pal ma ris lon gus age ne sis with the si de and sex was al so analy zed sta tisti cally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of the Palmaris Longus Agenesis: A Study in Afghan Population

Doğramacı¹,

Kalacı²,

Savaş³

et al. 2010

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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he prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis among various ethnic groups is widely variable. [1][2][3][4][5] Awareness of this prevalence in the treated population is of great clinical importance when one attempts use it as a donor tendon for transfer in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery of Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2010;30(5) 1561 The Prevalence of the Palmaris Longus Agenesis: A Study in Afghan Population A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : Pal ma ris lon gus (PL) is a struc tu re of ten used in re cons truc ti ve sur gery mainly in the set ting of ten don graf ting. The pal ma ris lon gus age ne sis va ries de pen ding on the race/eth ni city. Awa re ness of the pre va len ce in the tre a ted po pu la ti on or eth nic gro up is im por tant. The pre va len ce of pal ma ris lon gus age ne sis has, to the best of the aut hors' know led ge, not be en repor ted in Afg han po pu la ti on. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : Fo ur-hun dred and thirty he althy Afg han subjects (215 ma les and 215 fe ma les) we re cli ni cally exa mi ned for the pre sen ce or ab sen ce of pal ma ris lon gus. The exa mi na ti on en ta i led ob ser va ti on of the vo lar as pect of the wrist, lo o king for the palma ris lon gus ten don using Scha ef fer's test and Mis hra's se cond test. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : PL ten don was fo und to be ab sent uni la te rally in 7.7% and bi la te rally in 14.2% of study par ti ci pants. The ove rall pre valen ce of ab sen ce of PL (uni la te ral or bi la te ral) was 21.9%. Bi la te ral ab sen ce of PL was sta tis ti cally more fre qu ent than the uni la te ral ab sen ce. The pre va len ce of ab sen ce of PL was sta tis ti cally si milar bet we en the gen ders and the sites. C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : The pre va len ce of the pal ma ris lon gus age ne sis in the Afg han sub jects was fo und to be much hig her than the re por ted ave ra ge pre va len ce in the Asi an po pu la ti on.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Ten dons; ab nor ma li ti es; Afg ha nis tan Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Pal ma ris lon gus (PL) baş ta ten don greft le me ol mak üze re re kons trük tif cer ra hi de sık -ça kul la nı lan bir ya pı dır. Pal ma ris lon gus age ne zi si ça lı şı lan ırk/et ni si te ye bağ lı ola rak de ğiş ken dir. Bu du ru mun te da vi edi len po pü las yon ya da et nik grup ta ki pre va lan sı nı bil mek önem li dir. Ya zarla rın bil di ği ka da rıy la Af gan top lu mun da pal ma ris lon gus age ne zi si prevalansı da ha ön ce bil di rilme miş tir. G Ge e r re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n t te em m l le er r: : Dört yüz otuz sağ lık lı Af gan bi rey de (215 ka dın ve 215 er kek) kli nik ola rak pal ma ris lon gu sun bu lu nup bu lun dı ğı nın mu a ye ne si ya pıl mış tır. Mu a ye ne bi le ğin vo lar yü -zü nün in ce len me si, Scha ef fer tes ti ve Mis hra' nın ikin ci tes ti kul la nı la rak pal ma ris lon gus ten do nuna ba kıl ma sın dan oluş muş tur. B Bu ul l g gu u l la ar r: : Bu ten do nun ka tı lım cı la rın %7.7'sin de tek ta raf lı ve %...

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The contribution of the palmaris longus muscle to the strength of thumb abduction

2010

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The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is described as a weak flexor of the wrist and a tensor of the palmar aponeurosis, but not a thumb abductor. The PLM is believed to aid thumb abduction through its insertion onto the thenar eminence. Two groups, both right hand dominant, were selected from 1,200 sampled participants. The first group comprised of 38 subjects with unilateral presence of the PLM and was used to determine the strength of thumb abduction. The second group comprised of 30 subjects, with bilateral presence of the PLM, and it was used to calculate the effects of hand dominance. A significant number of subjects with bilateral absence of the PLM were observed and undocumented. Using a dynamometer in subjects with unilateral presence of the PLM, the force of thumb abduction was significantly greater on the hand with a PLM than the one without it (P = 0.014), irrespective of hand dominance. In the second sample with bilateral PLM, thumb abduction on the dominant hand was 10% stronger than on the nondominant hand and was similar to the universally accepted average of 10% increase in grip strength of the dominant hand. Thus, 10% was deducted from all the dominant hands, and the force of thumb abduction remained greater on the hand with PLM than the hand without it (P = 0.049). The results of this study demonstrated the PLM to be involved in thumb abduction, and the authors therefore recommend that this action of the muscle be universally accepted by anatomists and hand surgeons.

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Palmaris longus, anteductor of the thumb An experimental study

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

The clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the palmaris longus muscle in the Black African population of Zimbabwe and a proposed new testing technique

The clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the palmaris longus muscle in the Black African population of Zimbabwe and a proposed new testing technique

The Prevalence of the Palmaris Longus Agenesis: A Study in Afghan Population

The contribution of the palmaris longus muscle to the strength of thumb abduction

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