Palm NMR and 1-Chip NMR

Sun, Nan; Yoon, Tae‐Jong; Lee, Hakho; Andress, William F.; Weissleder, Ralph; Ham, Donhee

doi:10.1109/jssc.2010.2074630

Cited by 127 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Magritek Kea: preamp noise figure < 1.5 dB). This resonant noise figure reduction technique is widely used in traditional spectrometer electronics, but is made simpler and more effective in our case, as the coil and spectrometer electronics chip are not intervened by a transmission line (16,17).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, to demonstrate the overall system miniaturization for portability, we operate these chips with a compact 0.51-T permanent magnet (Fig. 1), performing various two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopies-correlation spectroscopy (COSY), J-resolved spectroscopy, and heteronuclear single/multiple-quantum coherence (HSQC/HMQC) spectroscopyas well as one-dimensional (1D) spectroscopy and relaxometry.Various organic, biological, and drug compound molecules are used as demonstrational samples.Although semiconductor technology and NMR science have remained largely orthogonal, a few foundational works reported silicon chips realizing some aspects of NMR electronics before the present study (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Despite the vision and tour de force design, however, none of these earlier chips explored modern multidimensional spectroscopy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although semiconductor technology and NMR science have remained largely orthogonal, a few foundational works reported silicon chips realizing some aspects of NMR electronics before the present study (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Despite the vision and tour de force design, however, none of these earlier chips explored modern multidimensional spectroscopy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Scalable NMR spectroscopy with semiconductor chips

Paulsen

Sun

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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108

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State-of-the-art NMR spectrometers using superconducting magnets have enabled, with their ultrafine spectral resolution, the determination of the structure of large molecules such as proteins, which is one of the most profound applications of modern NMR spectroscopy. Many chemical and biotechnological applications, however, involve only small-to-medium size molecules, for which the ultrafine resolution of the bulky, expensive, and high-maintenance NMR spectrometers is not required. For these applications, there is a critical need for portable, affordable, and low-maintenance NMR spectrometers to enable in-field, on-demand, or online applications (e.g., quality control, chemical reaction monitoring) and co-use of NMR with other analytical methods (e.g., chromatography, electrophoresis). As a critical step toward NMR spectrometer miniaturization, small permanent magnets with high field homogeneity have been developed. In contrast, NMR spectrometer electronics capable of modern multidimensional spectroscopy have thus far remained bulky. Complementing the magnet miniaturization, here we integrate the NMR spectrometer electronics into 4-mm 2 silicon chips. Furthermore, we perform various multidimensional NMR spectroscopies by operating these spectrometer electronics chips together with a compact permanent magnet. This combination of the spectrometer-electronics-on-a-chip with a permanent magnet represents a useful step toward miniaturization of the overall NMR spectrometer into a portable platform. N MR spectroscopy has been celebrated for its ability to probe molecular structures and dynamics with the atomic resolution (1-9). State-of-the-art NMR spectrometers use large superconducting magnets, whose high and uniform magnetic fields lead to the fine spectral resolution necessary for interrogating large molecules such as proteins. In fact, the structural study of large molecules is one of the most profound applications of modern NMR spectroscopy.However, the spectral resolution of the bulky, expensive, and high-maintenance NMR spectrometers is not necessary for a broad array of studies involving small-to-medium size molecules in chemistry, chemical engineering, and biotechnology (10, 11). In this case, portable, affordable, and low-maintenance NMR spectrometers built with a permanent magnet can make the benefits of NMR spectroscopy more broadly available and enable new applications. Bulky superconducting systems have to be permanently placed in dedicated laboratories, but portable systems can enable in-field, on-demand, or online applications such as quality control and chemical reaction monitoring (4), and can greatly facilitate co-use of NMR spectroscopy with other analytical methods such as liquid chromatography (12) and capillary electrophoresis (13). Thus, much effort has been devoted to miniaturizing NMR spectrometers, leading to the critical development of small permanent magnets with high field homogeneity (10,14,15).Complementing this advance in magnet miniaturization, here we integrate the spectrometer elec...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Scalable NMR spectroscopy with semiconductor chips

Paulsen

Sun

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

108

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“…(39) The same group continued with further advances of miniaturization of the RF transceiver IC down to <2 mm 2 . In a collaborative work with T2 Biosystems, they integrated the circuit in the Palm NMR system, where the transceiver, RF coil, and magnet fit in the palm of a hand and weighed <100 g. (40) Sun et al (40,41) also integrated a miniaturized transceiver on a chip along with the RF coil and tuning circuit to create a Lab-on-a-chip system.…”

Section: Instrument Miniaturizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nanotechnology: Applications in Clinical Diagnostics and Monitoring

Skewis

Demas

Lowery

2013

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Significant progress has been made over the last two decades toward the development of cutting edge diagnostics using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and T 2 magnetic resonance (T2MR). The MNP‐based assay design, termed magnetic relaxation switch (MRSw) biosensing, has allowed for the application of T2MR to a wide range of clinical diagnostics. In MRSw assays, superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) switch between dispersed and agglomerated states and affect the T2MR relaxation rate of surrounding water molecules. Sensitive T2MR relaxation measurements can be performed in complex, heterogeneous, biological samples owing to their inherently low magnetic background. MRSw assays have been designed for rapid and sensitive detection of disease biomarkers, pathogens, and cancer cells in both simulated samples and clinical studies.

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“…These detection systems, which exist in the form of stationary laboratory demonstration systems, either need high power consumption to achieve high accuracy, or have bulky-sized electrical sections and data processing platforms. Although some NMR miniature systems have been developed in recent years [18], [19], there is no compact sized NQR system that has been reported so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Power Compact NQR Based Explosive Detection System

et al. 2014

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Abstract-Nuclear quadruple resonance (NQR) has been studied for explosive detection for years. Some prototype NQR-based detection systems have been reported, but were all designed from the laboratory perspective, with bulky sizes and high power consumption. To achieve a portable NQR-based detection system for field applications, a low-power compact system utilizing state-of-the-art semiconductor technologies is presented in this paper. Several novel circuits for the key modules are proposed, including a Class-D type power amplifier, a power multiplexing and matching network, a customized IC with integrated analog signal processing chain, and a microcontroller-based logic control unit. An advanced digital signal processor platform is employed for data collecting and processing. The customized IC is fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS process. Test results on the prototype system show the effectiveness of the proposed solution and low power consumption as 2.12 W in the receiving state. The power efficiency of the proposed transmitting section is higher than 60%.

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Palm NMR and 1-Chip NMR

Cited by 127 publications

References 14 publications

Scalable NMR spectroscopy with semiconductor chips

Scalable NMR spectroscopy with semiconductor chips

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nanotechnology: Applications in Clinical Diagnostics and Monitoring

A Low-Power Compact NQR Based Explosive Detection System

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