Palm Kernel Cake Oligosaccharides Acute Toxicity and Effects on Nitric Oxide Levels Using a Zebrafish Larvae Model

Foo, Rui Qing; Ahmad, Sadeem; Lai, Kok Song; Zulkifli, I.; Yusoff, Khatijah; Liang, Juan Boo

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.555122

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Consequently, the NDOs can be used as low cariogenic sugar substitutes in products like confectionery, chewing gums, yoghurts, and drinks. In addition, functional oligosaccharides also exhibit good biological activities, such as improving the gastrointestinal environment, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, enhancing hematopoietic function, enhancing immune function, antibacterial, and anticoagulant (Foo et al, 2020;Lane et al, 1984;Ma et al, 2020;Moon et al, 2007;Morozov et al, 2018;Wilson & Whelan, 2017). Some oligosaccharides also show the properties of reducing obesity (Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of functional oligooctasaccharide riclinoctaose: A pilot study of genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and subchronic toxicity

Wang

Cheng

Sun

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Science

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Riclinoctaose was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of a succinoglycan-type exopolysaccharide riclin. It can be used as a prebiotic to regulate the composition of gut microbiota. Therefore, a safety evaluation is needed. Here, we reported the safety data generated on riclinoctaose. Standard in vitro genotoxicity tests such as the bacterial reverse mutation assay and in vivo micronucleus assay were performed and no mutagenic or clastogenic potential was found. In the acute toxicity study, ICR mice were administered with riclinoctaose via gavage in 14-day studies at the level corresponding to 3000 mg/kg BW/day. In the subchronic study, the diets containing 0%, 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% of riclinoctaose (weight/weight) were prepared for ICR mice for 13 weeks. No test item-related adverse effects were observed in the acute and subchronic studies. No riclinoctaose-induced differences in the overall health, body weight gain, food and water consumption, hematology, blood chemistry, gross pathology, histopathology, or animal death were observed. A no-observed-adverse-effect level of 8842 mg/kg BW/day for male and 9230 mg/kg BW/day for female mice was identified for riclinoctaose when administered for 13 weeks. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated the safety of riclinoctaose and indicated the possibility that riclinoctaose may be used as a functional food.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of functional oligooctasaccharide riclinoctaose: A pilot study of genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and subchronic toxicity

Wang

Cheng

Sun

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Science

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“…The efficiency and safety of using UPM2146 in the treatment of K. pneumoniae infection in vivo were tested in a zebrafish larvae model. Based on morphological appearance, that is determined on whether the larvae exhibit hook shape tail which indicates that the larvae had died [44], the mortality rate was less, and the zebrafish larvae were able to survive up to 24 hours when infected for 30 min. On the other hand, the zebrafish larvae reached a mortality rate 100% at 10 hours when infected for 1 hour and thirty-minute; therefore, 30 min of infection was used for the CFU count experiment in zebrafish larvae (Fig 9a and 9b).…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Upm2146 To Kill K Pneumoniae 2146-infectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klebsiella virus UPM2146 lyses multiple drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and in vivo

et al. 2021

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Klebsiella pneumoniae are opportunistic bacteria found in the gut. In recent years they have been associated with nosocomial infections. The increased incidence of multiple drug-resistant K. pneumoniae makes it necessary to find new alternatives to treat the disease. In this study, phage UPM2146 was isolated from a polluted lake which can lyse its host K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146. Observation from TEM shows that UPM2146 belongs to Caudoviriales (Order) based on morphological appearance. Whole genome analysis of UPM2146 showed that its genome comprises 160,795 bp encoding for 214 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the phage belongs to Ackermannviridae (Family) under the Caudoviriales. UPM2146 produces clear plaques with high titers of 1010 PFU/ml. The phage has an adsorption period of 4 min, latent period of 20 min, rise period of 5 min, and releases approximately 20 PFU/ bacteria at Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) of 0.001. UPM2146 has a narrow host-range and can lyse 5 out of 22 K. pneumoniae isolates (22.72%) based on spot test and efficiency of plating (EOP). The zebrafish larvae model was used to test the efficacy of UPM2146 in lysing its host. Based on colony forming unit counts, UPM2146 was able to completely lyse its host at 10 hours onwards. Moreover, we show that the phage is safe to be used in the treatment against K. pneumoniae infections in the zebrafish model.

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Palm Kernel Cake Oligosaccharides Acute Toxicity and Effects on Nitric Oxide Levels Using a Zebrafish Larvae Model

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Safety assessment of functional oligooctasaccharide riclinoctaose: A pilot study of genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and subchronic toxicity

Safety assessment of functional oligooctasaccharide riclinoctaose: A pilot study of genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and subchronic toxicity

Klebsiella virus UPM2146 lyses multiple drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and in vivo

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