Palm Fruit Bioactives modulate human astrocyte activity in vitro altering the cytokine secretome reducing levels of TNFα, RANTES and IP-10

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are becoming more prevalent and an increasing burden on society. Neurodegenerative diseases often arise in the milieu of neuro-inflammation of the brain. Reactive astrocytes are key regulators in the development of neuro-inflammation. This study describes the effects of Palm Fruit Bioactives (PFB) on the behavior of human astrocytes which have been activated by IL-1β. When activated, the astrocytes proliferate, release numerous cytokines/chemokines including TNFα, RANTES (CCL5), IP-10 (CXCL10), generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and express specific cell surface biomarkers such as the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM), Vascular Cellular Adhesion Molecule (VCAM) and the Neuronal Cellular Adhesion Molecule (NCAM). Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) causes activation of human astrocytes with marked upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes. We show significant inhibition of these pro-inflammatory processes when IL-1β-activated astrocytes are exposed to PFB. PFB causes a dose-dependent and time-dependent reduction in specific cytokines: TNFα, RANTES, and IP-10. We also show that PFB significantly reduces ROS production by IL-1β-activated astrocytes. Furthermore, PFB also reduces the expression of ICAM and VCAM, both in activated and naïve human astrocytes in vitro. Since reactive astrocytes play an essential role in the neuroinflammatory state preceding neurodegenerative diseases, this study suggests that PFB may have a potential role in their prevention and/or treatment.

Lemon essential oil ameliorates age-associated cognitive dysfunction via modulating hippocampal synaptic density and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase

“…Coconut oil can protect against neuron differentiation from amyloid toxicity [15]. Additionally, researchers have reported that palm fruit bioactives could modulate the neuroinflammatory events associated with IL-1β-activated human astrocytes in vivo [16]. Declining sensory functions are also common in neurodegenerative disorders, including AD [17].…”

Effect of Energy Drinks on Rat Hippocampus and the Possible Neuroprotective Role of Sesame Oil: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Study

“…It was reported that astrocytes are important regulators of CNS inflammatory responses. When activated, they proliferate and release numerous cytokines including TNF-a [27] . In the present study, significant decrease in the mean GFAP area percent associated with decrease in TNF-a gene expression was found in the hippocampal tissue…”

The Potential Mechanisms of the Neuroprotective Actions of Oil Palm Phenolics: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…It has been reported that OPP had significantly reduced the protein levels of iNOS and COX-2 as well as inhibited NF-κB subunit p65 in a dose-responsive manner in the LPS-activated cells [55]. Moreover, OPP had significantly reduced the level of inflammatory chemokines such as IP-10, RANTES and TNFα in IL-1β-induced normal human astrocytes [56]. IP-10 is a member of the CXC chemokine family with pro-inflammatory that is involved in the recruitment of Th1 responses [103].…”

“…Moreover, OPP had also demonstrated significant reduction in ROS production by IL-1β-activated astrocytes. Additionally, OPP caused reduction in the expression of ICAM and VCAM, both in activated and non-activated human astrocytes [56].…”

“…An in vitro study using IL-1β-activated normal human astrocytes has been performed by Weinberg et al 2018 [56]. In the study, OPP were added at concentration ranging from to 0, 0.9, 1.8, 3.6 mg/mL.…”