Palm fatty acid ester as biodegradable dielectric fluid in transformers: a review

Tokunaga, Junko; Nikaido, Masanori; Koide, Hidenobu; Hikosaka, Tomoyuki

doi:10.1109/mei.2019.8636104

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the recent past, various researchers emphasized different plant-based natural esters, while some authors continued the investigation of natural esters in comparison to mineral and synthetic esters. PFAEs have become one of the popular plant-based oils in the field of alternative oils [28]. The feasibility of palm-based neopentyl glycol diester for use in a transformer was investigated and reported in [29].…”

Section: A Performance Of Ester Fluids: Recent Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Dielectric Fluids for Transformer Insulation System: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects

et al. 2019

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Ester-based dielectric fluids have gained widespread popularity for applications in high voltage apparatus. Synthetic and natural esters have been subjected to research for decades vis-à-vis mineral insulating oils around the world. Although many researchers favor the application of ester fluids, utilities are still uncertain and application of these alternatives remains a challenge. The intent of this survey is to present recent research progress and highlight the state of the art of key aspects that should be emphasized in future research. The contemporary research scenarios pertaining to the performance of ester fluids versus mineral oils, miscibility, and retrofilling of insulating fluids are discussed. In addition, pre-breakdown phenomena, usage of esters in on-load tap changers, environmental and fire resistance properties, and use of esters in cold climates are also discussed. Importantly, challenges and future aspects that should be investigated to improve the existing knowledge of ester dielectric fluids for applications in transformer technology are highlighted.

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Section: A Performance Of Ester Fluids: Recent Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Dielectric Fluids for Transformer Insulation System: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects

et al. 2019

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“…To date, vegetable-based insulating oil is being developed from edible oil. For example coconut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and palm oil [9]- [15]. Other researches carried out in the field of non-edible oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electrical discharge on the properties of natural esters insulating fluids

Chairul

Ghani

Aziz

et al. 2021

IJEECS

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Vegetable oils have been an alternative to mineral oil for oil-immersed transformers due to concern on less flammable, environmental-friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable resources of petroleum-based insulating oil. This paper presents the effect of electrical discharges (200 up to 1000 discharges) under 50 Hz inhomogeneous electric field on the properties (acidity, water content, and breakdown voltage) of two varieties of vegetable based insulating oils; i) natural ester (NE) and ii) low viscosity insulating fluids derived from a natural ester (NELV). Results show the water content, acidity and breakdown voltage of NE fluctuate due to applied discharges, while NELV display insignificant changes. Hence, results indicate that the low viscosity insulating fluids derived from natural ester tend to maintain their properties compared to natural ester.

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“…However, original WCO has a problem with its chemical and electrical properties such as low breakdown voltage, higher acidity and water content, which is not suitable to be used as an insulating oil [11]. The effect of higher acidity in WCO will increase hydrolytic stability and ageing duration process [13]. In addition, the acidity content is too high can lead to corrosion of metal parts such as transformer winding due to internal conduction that could cause explosion or fire outbreak in the transformer [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experimental Study on the Potential of Waste Cooking Oil as a New Transformer Insulating Oil

Deraman¹,

Bakar²,

Aziz³

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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Power transformers use mineral oil as an insulating liquid due to its outstanding dielectric properties. The poor biodegradability and toxicity of mineral oil have increased the interest in the use of a more environmentally friendly product such as ester-based oil. Generally, natural ester insulating oils (NEI) have a higher flash point and breakdown voltage compared to existing mineral oils. However, the higher price of NEI is the main obstacle to widely applied in power transformers. Therefore, alternative cheaper feedstock processing is required. This paper proposed waste cooking oil (WCO) as a potential alternative to the existing transformer insulating oil. The used of WCO promotes the optimal consumption of plant-based resources and more efficient waste management. Transesterification method is performed to remove the free fatty acids in the WCO and reduce the viscosity. The transesterification process is based on the chemical modification reaction between WCO, methyl alcohol (methanol) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst lye that produces waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME). Chemical and electrical properties i.e. water content, acidity and breakdown voltage of the developed WCOME are compared with the existing WCO according to IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers (IEEE C57.147).

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Palm fatty acid ester as biodegradable dielectric fluid in transformers: a review

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

Alternative Dielectric Fluids for Transformer Insulation System: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Alternative Dielectric Fluids for Transformer Insulation System: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Effect of electrical discharge on the properties of natural esters insulating fluids

The Experimental Study on the Potential of Waste Cooking Oil as a New Transformer Insulating Oil

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