“…However, in Africa, PC education and, consequently, specialists in PC are severely limited (Clark et al, 2019;Van der Plas et al, 2020;World Health Organization, 2018). For instance, health care professionals (HCPs) in Nigeria and Rwanda were reported to have discharged their duties without formal training/education in PC Akinnyemiju et al, 2015;Uwimana & Struthers, 2007). However, some African countries such as Uganda, South Africa, Kenya, Botswana, Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania have made progress through either developing PC educational center or implementing national PC program in conjunction with local universities (Hannon et al, 2016).…”