“…Some of the most widely used aryl-aryl C-C bond-forming strategies include: (1) transition metal-catalyzed aryl-aryl traditional cross-coupling [7] that requires pre-functionalization of both coupling partners (e.g., Negishi, Stille, Kumada and Suzuki reactions, Figure 2, A ), (2) oxidative direct arylation [4e, 8] that requires the pre-functionalization of just one of the coupling partners (Figure 2, B ) and (3) dehydrogenative cross-coupling [9] that does not require either coupling partner to be pre-functionalized (Figure 2, C ); (4) TM-free direct arylation that takes place between o -halogen-substituted nitroarenes and aryl Grignard reagents [5] to afford 2-amino-2’-hydroxy-1,1’-biaryls (i.e., NOBIN-type ligands) under very mild conditions via the [3,3] -sigmatropic rearrangement of N,O -biarylhydroxylamines as intermediates (Figure 2, D ) and (5) the chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed [3,3] -rearrangement of N,N’ -diarylhydrazines to afford substituted BINAMs (Figure 2, E ). [10] …”