Palladium stabilized by 3,4-dihydroxypyridine-functionalized magnetic Fe₃O₄nanoparticles as a reusable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki reactions

Abstract

A Pd supported on 3,4-dihydroxypyridine (Py)-functionalized Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/Py/Pd) hybrid material has been synthesized for the first time.

Cu(I)‐anchored polyvinyl alcohol coated‐magnetic nanoparticles as heterogeneous nanocatalyst in Ullmann‐type C–N coupling reactions

“…The XRD pattern of the Fe 3 O 4 @PVA/CuCl catalyst is depicted in Figure 7. The existence of six peaks at 2θ of 30.5 , 35 [28] 2 C 6 H 5 Br Morpholine 95 [28] 3 C 6 H 5 Cl Morpholine 60 [28] 4 p-NCC 6 H 4 I Morpholine 95 [27] 5 p-NCC 6 H 4 Br Morpholine 92 [27] 6 p-NCC 6 H 4 Cl Morpholine 55 [27] 7 p-CH 3 C 6 H 4 I Morpholine 96 [28] 8 p-CH 3 C 6 H 4 Br Morpholine 90 [28] 9 p-CH 3 OC 6 H 4 I Morpholine 95 [32] 10 p-CH 3 OC 6 H 4 Br Morpholine 90 [32] 11 C 6 H 5 I Piperidine 95 [29] 12 C 6 H 5 Br Piperidine 92 [29] 13 C 6 H 5 Cl Piperidine 55 [29] 14 C 6 H 5 I Indole 92 [27] 15 C 6 H 5 Br Indole 90 [27] 16 C 6 H 5 Cl Indole 60 [27] 17 C 6 H 5 I Imidazole 85 [33] 18 C 6 H 5 Br Imidazole 80 [33] Furthermore, CuCl existence in the Fe 3 O 4 @PVA/CuCl nanostructure was reconfirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis by studying binding energy range between 930 and 955 eV (Figure 8). The analysis resolved Cu 2p spectrum into two spin-orbit pairs with 932.2 and 952.1 eV binding energies, respectively.…”

The effect of the sol–gel structure on the catalysis performance of l-proline

“…While there have been many improvements to l-proline catalysed aldol reactions through the synthesis of efficient l-proline derivatives, further optimisation by incorporating magnetic properties to non-magnetic catalysts is of interest as the potential to reuse and recycle catalysts is one of their most desirable features [9][10][11][12]. For this reason, magnetic nanoparticles in the form of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) offer the possibility to be used as magnetic supports due to their high surface area, dispersibility and simple separation from reaction media with the aid of a magnet [13] In order to combine these magnetic properties to proline, a linker is also needed.…”

Synthesis and characterization of MCM‐41‐Biurea‐Pd as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst and using its catalytic efficacy in C–C, C–N and C–O coupling reactions

“…In modern organic chemistry, palladium‐catalysed C─C bond formation reactions have taken on an essential role since their first development in the early 1970s . C─C coupling reactions catalysed by transition metals are among the most important reactions in organic synthesis . Among these reactions, C─C, C─O and C─N bond formations in cross‐coupling reactions with palladium catalysts (e.g.…”

“…[19] C─C coupling reactions catalysed by transition metals are among the most important reactions in organic synthesis. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Among these reactions, C─C, C─O and C─N bond formations in cross-coupling reactions with palladium catalysts (e.g. Heck and Suzuki reactions) have become very effective tools in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine-chemical industries.…”